tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54415009859553705632024-03-13T08:54:08.109-07:00Who can do my assignment for meXhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.comBlogger198125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-45001830977455766412020-08-24T07:07:00.001-07:002020-08-24T07:07:03.958-07:00Educational differences in public institutes and in private institute Literature reviewInstructive contrasts in broad daylight organizations and in private establishment - Literature audit Example Hein (2004) noticed that at the commencement of the instruction framework all foundations were open establishments and there was just an alternative of private educational cost for intrigued understudies, which was offered to them as medicinal classes. Be that as it may, because of sharp analysis for the most part just the nature of open establishment training there was rise of private organizations, which avoided some State guidelines yet suffered for quality instruction for its understudies (Heller, 2001). Especially in the United Kingdom, private organizations were first settled in the nineteenth century by the Roman Catholic area as a counter assault to the supposed strength of protestant strict thoughts and government officials in the open establishment framework. It is because of this reality that most private establishments in the UK are Catholic possessed (Wilson, 2013). Over the ongoing past, the quantities of private foundations both auxiliary and tertiary have strongly expanded and this is credited to the expanded advantages that private organizations offer when contrasted with open establishments. This proposition proclamation for this writing audit runs on the assessment that private foundations have advanced education norms when contrasted with open establishments; also, the instructive educational plan of private organizations is a lot more extensive contrasted with open organizations. Thirdly, private organizations are likewise blessed by the gods with predominant offices dissimilar to open establishments and in conclusion, private foundations have low understudy educator proportion when contrasted with open foundations (Lance, 2010). As indicated by the figures from the United Kingdomââ¬â¢s Department of Education, they show that for the most part, private foundations perform superior to open organizations, and this reality is validated by better in national/basic tests, whereby understudies from private establishments overwhelm the top spots. This affirms private foundations offer advanced education norms when contrasted with Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-7710297518289300802020-08-22T00:47:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:47:40.109-07:00Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsEconometrics - Assignment Example For RM (normal number of rooms in the proprietor involved lodging in the statistics tract), in the main variation, a 1 percent change in RM causes 0.329 % change in MV (the middle lodging cost). In the subsequent variation, a 1 percent change in RM causes a 0.0306 % change in the middle lodging value (MV). In the end, a 1 percent changes in RM causes a 0.294 % change in the middle lodging cost in the third variation. In the subsequent variable, the weighted separation to five significant work places in the Boston locale (DIS), the request for coefficients; 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027 in total qualities. In the measures of absolutism, a one percent change in DIS causes a decrease of middle lodging cost by 0.028 in the principal variation, a decrease of 0.027 in the subsequent variation, and a decrease of 0.027 in the third variation. In the third factor, nitrogen oxide fixations in parts per hundred million (NOX), the coefficients are 1.479 and 1.529 in the second and third variations separately. These figures propose that 1 percent change in nitrogen oxide fixation builds the medium lodging cost by 1.479 in the subsequent variation and by 1.529 in the third variation. Beta coefficient is the proportion of the affectability of the evaluations in impacting the middle lodging cost. In the evaluations, the beta coefficient is the incline of the model summed up into à ²0, à ²1, à ²4, à ²3, and à ²2. Typically, the coefficients would infer 1 rate change in the gauge 1 and 2 would cause an expansion of 0.566 and 0.0261. In any case, utilizing the beta methodology, the two coefficients are underneath, proposing that they are beneath the middle lodging cost. 6. Assume in model (3) I included the variable NOX DCHAS, coming about in ln(MVi) = à ²0 + à ²1RMi + à ²2 ln(DISi) +à ²3NOXi + à ²4DCHAS;i + à ²5 NOX DCHAS +æ i . How might the understanding of à 3 change in model (3) after the incorporation of this variable? What is the understanding of à 5 in this model? 9. Given Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-38864430343143753352020-07-18T11:23:00.001-07:002020-07-18T11:23:02.747-07:007 Nonfiction Books to Make You Sound Smart at Parties7 Nonfiction Books to Make You Sound Smart at Parties Its the holiday season, which for some, means lots of extra social engagements. Whether you need to impress your new significant others parents, bond with your great aunt with the hopes shell include you in her will, or find some common ground with your teenage cousin, these recent nonfiction books will give you fodder for conversation and help make you sound smart at parties. Or you know, theyre interesting nonfiction books to read at home while you avoid going to parties. Either way. Nothing is more impressive than being able to talk about science that wasnt explained in The Martian. Read the slim book Seven Brief Lessons on Physics by Carlo Rovelli and youll be the resident expert. Not only will you get the science, youll have the passion and the nuance to speak authoritatively on physics without boring everyone to death. So youve already got your holiday menu planned out and your brother announces his girlfriend is paleo. Instead of reading annoying blogs, check out How to Eat Paleo (When You Dont Live in a Cave) by Cynthia Flick Spivey, illustrated by Joya Rose Groves. Its a no-nonsense approach to what a paleo diet is all about with beautiful, whimsical illustrations. I was always rolling my eyes at any mention of a paleo diet until I read this slim book that makes it sound more like a lifestyle than a fad diet. Music is a safe topic with everyone from your heavy metal loving, motorcycle driving co-worker to your jazz enthusiast uncle. Sound like an intelligent and informed music critic who can discuss every genre after reading Every Song Ever: Twenty Ways to Listen in an Age of Musical Plenty by Ben Ratliff. Itll change how you listen toâ"and talk aboutâ"music. Your aunt just cant understand why your teenage cousins are always on their phones. Give her a lowdown on what her daughters are up to after reading American Girls: Social Media and the Secret Lives of Teenagers by Nancy Jo Sales. This well-researched examination of how teens use social media is eye-opening without being overly alarmist. Do you sit through family holiday gatherings watching football and wonder what it the hell is going on, or are you a diehard fan that sets up multiple TVs so you can watch more than one game at a time? Either way, the The Perfect Pass: American Genius and the Reinvention of Football by S.C. Gwynne is an interesting read on how two coaches revolutionized the game by developing modern playbooks. Its been easy to lose hope this year, but the collection of essays in We Gon Be Alright: Notes on Race and Resegregation by Jeff Chang can reaffirm your believe in the potential for real, meaningful cultural change. Youll feel better about any conversations where race comes up after reading this book. Your grandpa might think the internet is the worst thing to happen to world, but after reading Magic and Loss: The Internet as Art by Virginia Heffernan, youll have plenty of anecdotes to convince him there is beauty in the internet. What interesting nonfiction books have given you conversation rule? What books are more fun than going to a cocktail party? Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-276037067023253602020-05-21T18:44:00.001-07:002020-05-21T18:44:05.452-07:00The Great Depression Of America - 980 Words America has been around for many years and during those years people of America have experienced horrible times and fantastic times. There were the world wars, and there were the roaring twenties when America was the fastest growing. After the roaring twenties the American economy took a turn for the worse. After such a prosperous decade, when America went into the depression people were not ready for such a drastic change. Many people didnââ¬â¢t understand how it occurred, but now we have a better understanding of what happened. Imagine coming off of the highest times in life; Broadway shows every night, everyone dressed up in suits and dresses, everything going great and within a day all of that changes for the worst. One October day the stock market crashed which sent the American economy into turmoil. In fact, it was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression. Two months after the original crash in October, stockholders had lost more than $40 billion dollars. Eve n though the stock market began to regain some of its losses, by the end of 1930, it just was not enough and America truly entered what is called the Great Depression (Kelly. M). After the crash the American economy was trying to climb back up to what it had once been, but it couldnââ¬â¢t because of the hardships it had endured. People often put all the blame on the president that was in office when the great depression occurred. President Hoover has become somewhat notorious for trying too hard to stopShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of America920 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Great Depression A major event in American history that has shaped society today is the great depression that began in 1929 and ended in 1939. The official day the stock market crashed was a a day known as ââ¬Å"black Tuesdayâ⬠. At the time, the American government was not prepared nor did they have policies in place that made them well prepared for such an event to take place. This unfortunate event threw Americans into a an economic crisis unlike any event experienced before in history and leftRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Great Depression in America is often believed to have ended when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and the US entered WWII in December 1941. However, while an exact end date is a matter of debate, itââ¬â¢s obvious the end of the Great Depression correlates somewhat with the beginning of the war, leading many to believe WWII must have ended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many histo rians believe that the government and military spending restimulatedRead MoreAmerica in the Great Depression1370 Words à |à 5 Pagesdecade, from 1929 to 1940, Americaââ¬â¢s economy failed to operate at a level that allowed most Americans to attain economic success. A worldwide depression struck countries with market economies at the end of the 1920s. Although the Great Depression was relatively mild in some countries, it was severe in others, especially in the United States. The Great Depression left the American economy in ruins with problems that would take decades to fix. Government involvement increased in an effort to reconstructRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America3487 Words à |à 14 Pages The Great Depression If one asks most Americans their opinion about when our nationsââ¬â¢ economy crashed the most severely, they would most likely say the period between October 1929, until 1930 when the United States went through the great depression. The great depression was a time where people lost nearly everything, from houses and farms, to families and children. People were starving and left out in the cold. The worst part about this was that once people lost their belongings, they were goneRead MoreThe Great Depression of America514 Words à |à 2 Pagesmill in Gary several other factories and companies started to travel to Gary for products because it became a business that lasted for decades. There was great memories in the 1920s with the great depression that had eventually changed in the 1930s. There were a crash of the stock market that was drawn in 1929 with the Great Depression of America. The American had no choice but to share unemployment and poverty. Then there was a decrease in the agriculture market which had a distress effect on theRead MoreThe Great Depression Changed America845 Words à |à 4 PagesEssay The Great Depression changed our whole society but not in a bad way. The drop of the stock market gave buyers two choices; work harder to earn their money back or give up. After families lost most of their money they gave up and couldnââ¬â¢t provide for themselves. The Great Depression has majorly affected our current world. The Great Depression had shown how big companies affected America, how much the Executive branches power had grown and how the bank could not always be trusted. The Great DepressionRead MoreThe Great Depression Trademarks America1544 Words à |à 7 Pages The Great Depression trademarks America at its all-time historical down point. In FDRââ¬â¢s Folly, Powell spotlights the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, astronomical levels of unemployment, as well as the New Deal program developed to combat the Great Depression. Powell, who was born and educated in London, earned a masterââ¬â¢s degree in history and he clearly demonstrates his views to the reader. In his words, FDRââ¬â¢s presidency did not aid the economic state but drove it further back as well asRead MoreThe Great Depression And Its Effects On America2001 Words à |à 9 PagesThe Great Depression was an incredibly dull time in the historical backdrop of the United States, impacting all the financial assets of the American lifestyle. The Great Depression shattered the financial status of the United States. President Roosevelt has been known for sparing the U.S out of the financial turmoil it found itself in from the Great Depression. The causative components of t he Great Depression are still up for debate by many students of history and economics. For some individualsRead More The Great Depression in America Essay2388 Words à |à 10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Great Depression was a huge economic downfall in North America and involved many other industrialized countries of the world. The Depression began in 1929 and lasted for about ten years. Millions of people lost their jobs along with many businesses going bankrupt. The common misconception of the Great Depression is people think that the stock market crash was the main cause for it. There were many causes for the Depression; unequal distribution of money during theRead MoreEssay on America and the Great Depression1882 Words à |à 8 PagesAmerica and the Great Depression 1. Compare the ideas behind the protest movements of Huey Long and Upton Sinclair. The Era of the Great Depression was one of both desperation and hope. Americans were desperate for a change, desperate for anything to come along that may improve their situation, yet hopeful that the light at the end of the tunnel was near. For many of those living in poverty during the 1930s, the ââ¬Å"radicalâ⬠leftist movements seen throughout the country appeared to be alternatives Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-88428359515593959092020-05-06T23:40:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:40:09.189-07:00Essay on the Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and Lady... Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth An important factor in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s tragic play, Macbeth is the changing relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth throughout the play. At the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is the dominant character in the relationship. As the play progresses the roles seem to reverse and Macbeth becomes the more dominant of the two. We can gain insight into the changing relationship by looking at the interaction of the couple. The first time in the play where we can make reference about their relationship and their individual personalities in the relationship is in Act 1, Scene 5, where we first meet Lady Macbeth. She is seen alone reading a letter out loud, which Macbeth has writtenâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦She is also a bit lazy and wants the power but not if someone can do it for her, and also I think that deep down she doesnââ¬â¢t possess enough evil to kill Duncan herself and canââ¬â¢t physically bring herself to stab him, ââ¬ËHad he not resembled My father as he slept, I had doneââ¬â¢t.ââ¬â¢ Lady Macbeth didnââ¬â¢t give in and ended up convincing Macbeth after a little effort, it didnââ¬â¢t take much convincing because the thoughts were already in his head and she just had to make him overcome his fears that lay in his conscience. Lady Macbeth uses various methods to persuade him. She hits at everything which he cares about. She says heââ¬â¢s a coward and not a real man and this makes him angry as he is a good soldier and has killed many people before. She also says to him, ââ¬ËWhen you durst do it, then you were a manââ¬â¢ this is when she questions his masculinity. She even says that sheââ¬â¢d kill their own child. ââ¬ËI would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked from my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done to thisââ¬â¢. This is saying that if she had promised to do something like he did she would have killed their child instead of breaking her promise. I think she said this because she wanted to show him how much she would give up to become queen and how beingShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Comparative Essay1150 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Power Couple Macbeth Comparative Essay Word Count: 1147 In Western culture today, it is a widely accepted fact that men and women have equal power in a marriage; whereas in Elizabethan times, a woman was dominated by her husband and she would have very little control over her life. The leading omnipotent couple in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth have a compelling marriage with a power dynamic that is beyond the boundaries set by society at the time in which he wrote the play. The directorsRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Purpose of the Witches940 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Purpose of the Witches in Macbethà à à One purpose for having the witches in Shakespeares play,à Macbeth, is to make a comparison between Macbeths conscious world and Macbeths unconscious, dream world. In this essay, I will touch upon Sigmund Freuds theories of dreams and the unconscious, and consider the nature of the witches and their relationship with Macbeth. I will also explore the relationship between witches and society, and conclude the essay by considering other roles of theRead MoreComparison Between Lady Macbeth And The Wife Of Bath1544 Words à |à 7 PagesAmbition is a key theme in both William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth and Geoffrey Chaucerââ¬â¢s The Wife of Bath. This essay will focus on the contrast in ambitions between Lady Macbeth and The Wife of Bath. I will argue that whereas Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s uncertain ambition that stems from her preoccupation with her maternal qualities ââ¬â and her apparent inabilities to bear children, the Wife of Bath is liberated and appears to relish her status as an independent woman unconcerned with child bearing, ââ¬Ëa motherââ¬â¢s uniqueRead MoreThe Use of Language, Stagecraft and Structure to Illustrate the Demise of Lady Macbeth2484 Words à |à 10 Pagesof Lady Macbeth, it is crucial to compare various scenes beginning with Act 1 Scene 5 and ending with Act 5 Scene 1. It is going to examine, using language, stagecraft and structure, how in the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth is manipulative and dominant over Macbeth, but towards the end of the play, the roles have reversed and Lady Macbeth is needed less and less. Towards the closing scenes, Macbeth becomes totally independent in his actions and decisions, in stark contrast, Lady Macbeth becomesRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words à |à 65 PagesQUESTION 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE 6. ANALYSIS 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ABSTRACT This thesis analysis the textual and symbolic similarities between Shakespeare s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet and William Faulkner s the sound and the furry and Absalom, Absalom!. Faulkner absorbed essential characteristics of Shakespearean tragedies and utilized them consciously and unconsciously in the creation of his own tragic figures. ComparisonRead More Virginia Woolfs Narrative Technique in A Room of Ones Own Essay3133 Words à |à 13 Pagesà Like most uneducated Englishwomen, I like reading. Can these words really belong to Virginia Woolf, an uneducated Englishwoman who knew half a dozen languages, who authored a shelfs length of novels and essays, who possessed one of the most rarified literary minds of the twentieth century? Tucked into the back pages of A Room of Ones Own, this comment shimmers with Woolfs typically wry and understated sense of humor. She jests, but she means something very serious at the same time: Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-9145913442260652502020-05-06T08:22:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:22:28.442-07:00Company Assessment Free Essays We have examined the characteristics of the organization of graduates, retention rate, and persistence that will help students graduate and pursue employment in their field. We evaluated each students program from Associates, Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral programs at Argosy university. The most significant cause of fault is the students first semester. We will write a custom essay sample on Company Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, if a student can make it pass their first semester, then the chances of them continuing In the program Increases dramatically. The research shows that the over the last two years student enrollment has dropped. As University we want to encourage students to graduate from our school with their diploma and have them employed with in the first year of earning their degree. The report states that people are unaware of the university and we want to Increase the amount of awareness about the school. Numbers are on the rise but it is not the numbers that we want to be. Consumer knowledge needs to be increased about the University and establish a reputable reputation. Argosy University latest decision was put forth by the Research and Development department. They evaluated the report to focus on target marketing of highly populated areas. This report assesses the challenge to bring in new students and increase the awareness of the university. The new direction of the University over the years to come is to increase the amount of student body and graduates. Interviewer ââ¬â Interviewee ââ¬â Value of a Team Environment: Admission Representatives, 2 Academic Counselors, 2 Student Finance Counselors and 1 manager. It is their Job to help enroll each student into class, make sure their Financial Aid is correct, and to make sure that each student is prepared for the first class. The team works well together with communication and helping each other tit information that is needed for the student. Depending on the circumstance of the student it can impact the way the team is operating. For example, a student can be missing information on their Financial Aid, they can be in default, or they might not be in contact with the Admissions Representative. The biggest they lack is new ways to open up the opportunity of the Admissions Representatives. It all starts with the Admissions Representative. If the AR is in a bad mood then he or she could lose the students interest right away. It is important to keep up the motivation of each AR in order to increase enrollment. Because the Admissions Representatives are not allowed to receive compensation for the amount of students they enroll. It is pure determination that allows someone to succeed because there is no reward for the AR. Each person has a different need and it is up to the manager to see what motivates each employee to become successful. According to the article, The Value of Teamwork, by David Tenant, ââ¬Å"The talents that are brought from others in different areas of the company strengthen a team. Plus, by working together to form the teamââ¬â¢s objectives, approach, and planning, they will generally become a cohesive unit that an also adapt and change as new challenges become apparent. It is through this mechanism that teams are surpassing individual performance within companies? and companies are taking notice. â⬠Recommendation: It is important that everyone on the team communicates properly. Make sure that everyone is communicating by e-mail or even in the meeting that are set up everyday. Create a checklist that needs to be filled out and initialed by each team member, to make sure that the student is moving through the process efficiently. Have the manager go to each person, individually, and see how the student is moving wrought the process. This will help everyone be into the details and it everyone will be in communication of the process. Job satisfaction of the employees: When it comes to the satisfaction of the employees, there is a stand of 50/50. While the majority of employees love their Job, they sometimes feel overwhelmed, stressed, or even feel overlooked for some of the positions. People want more responsibilities and they want to feel like they are contributing to the team. Some of the employees help out the manager by running morning meetings, setting up charts, and assisting other employees when needed. There has been a resent layoff and some employees are worried about keeping their Jobs. Ryanââ¬â¢s tells his employees to stay focus on the student, what their fears are, get to know them, and see how we can assist the student to get into college. When we focus on the confirmed need of the student, we realize how we better assist them obtain their degree. One of the ways that Ryan makes sure that his employees are happy at work doing something different, employees donââ¬â¢t feel like they are doing the same monotonous routine. So sometimes they will have mini trainings, play games, or a reassert chat. The breakfast chat can be about anything they want. It took a while for the employees to trust Ryan but they started to come around and have been building great relationships with all of his employees. Recommendation: Have a meeting with each employee and ask them what they would like to change. If people are tired of the routine, then have an appreciation day for your employee. How does the company communicate change: In this industry company changes happen all the time. It is sometimes communicated in big group settings, small meetings, e-mails, or in the morning addles. Recently there was a change in structure of the amount of Directors that are in the position. They went from 8 Directors to 4. Even though the change impacted only a certain amount of employees, it however reduced that position by 50%. It required more work by the other Directors but it was a change that needed to eliminate the ââ¬Å"dead weight. â⬠Efforts made to motivate your employees: There are many way s to motivate an employee so that he or she is willing to do their Job. Ryan takes this part of his Job very seriously and he takes great interest in his employees. There are four things Ryan takes to heart as a manager, he takes interest in the future of his employeeââ¬â¢s career, in their work-life, listens, and helps them anyway he can. Ryan says, ââ¬Å"In order to have great employees, you need to have a genuine interest in all of your employees. It has worked and it has generated results. â⬠Managerââ¬â¢s who take interest in their employees, generally have people who are not willing to put fourth the extra effort. I believe that when you have a manager, like Ryan, who really cares about you, not Just an employee but as a person, you aspect them more and you are willing ââ¬Å"to go the distanceâ⬠if they ever need you too. My suggestion for this topic is to talk to your employees. Everyone has a different intrinsic and extrinsic type of motivation. It is up to the manager to seek out each employee and see what his or need may consist of. I think that his falls in line to getting to know your employee. You might find out things you never knew about them, simply by doing a one on one. Assistance offered in helping your employees to deal with stress management: This is a very high pressured Job and sometimes it can get overwhelming. That is why to make sure that you commit yourself to doing a one on one with each employee. If you find yourself in a situation where someone is not reacting well, then you as a manager, need to address that situation. Everyone is different and it is up to you as a manager that you handle the situation properly. One way to get an employee out of the stress is to have them get up and take a walk. This will help them calm down and then get back to the work at hand. Taking walks is a great way to relieve stress. It gives you the opportunity to breathe and focus on what is important. This is why we have breaks in the workplace. Take advantage of your breaks and try not to think of work. This will help you reset and focus on the rest of your day. It is important to know your role as a manager and how to help people succeed. If people are not succeeding then maybe you are not doing your Job as a manager. A great manager knows his or team and they help people who are managers who helped me through the tough times, I work harder for them than anyone else. References: The Value of Teamwork By David Tenant, conferenceââ¬â¢s. Org/gemmed/ DVTTheValueofTeamwork. PDF How to cite Company Assessment, Papers Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-87768997422331488652020-04-25T22:33:00.001-07:002020-04-25T22:33:03.739-07:00The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St Essay Example For Students The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St Essay yles, andFamily Alcoholism on Alcohol ConsumptionThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping Styles, andFamily Alcoholism on Alcohol ConsumptionResearch Proposal byJosh Robbins100-928-594November 26, 1996Economics 143AbstractOne large component of American popular culture today is alcohol. Acommon stereotype for the effects of alcohol is that as a drug it acts as astress antagonist. This theory was introduced by Conger (1956) as the TensionReduction Hypothesis (TRW). It states that alcohols sedative action on thecentral nervous system serves to reduce tension, and because tension reductionis reinforcing, people drink to escape it (Marlatt ; Rehsenow, 1980). Why do wedrink, when do we drink, and how much do we drink? This research will determinethe correlation between total weekly consumption of alcohol and perceived stress,alcohol outcome expectancies, gender, coping styles, and family history ofalcoholism among undergraduate students. Do people drink more or less whenstressed? Do alcohol outcome expectancies lead to higher or lower consumption?Is a history of family alcoholism positively or negatively correlated topersonal consumption? Do the tested variables play mediating or moderatingroles in stress-related drinking? This research will determine the answers tothese questions, and determine the strength of the correlations, if any. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now IntroductionThe main question that this statistical model will answer is as follows:Is there any correlation between drinking and gender, alcohol expectancies,family alcoholism, stress, and coping styles?GenderIt has been demonstrated that significant differences exist between thedrinking patterns of men and women (Hilton, 1988). In a survey of US drinkinghabits conducted in 1988 by the US National Center for Health Statistics, Dawsonand Archer (1992) showed that there are three areas illustrating genderdifferences. The first is the actual number of male and female drinkers. Thestudy showed that 64% of men versus 41% of women were current drinkers. Second,men were more likely to consume alcohol on a daily basis (17.5 grams of ethanolper day versus 8.9 grams for women). Third, men were more likely to beclassified as heavy drinkers. In fact, when the classification measure of aheavy drinker was changed from five drinks or more per day to nine drinks ormore per day the ration of male to female heavy drinkers increased by a factorof 3. StressAre the theories mentioned above about stress-induced drinking accurate?There have been studies which disprove the Tension Reduction Hypothesis. Forinstance, in a study by Conway, Vickers, Ward, and Rahe in 1981 it was foundthat the consumption of alcohol among Navy officers during periods of high jobdemands was actually lower than the consumption during low-demand periods.Additionally, some drinkers have been known to consider alcohol as a tensiongenerator rather than a tension reducer. Alcohol ExpectanciesThe expectations of what effects alcohol consumption may have play animportant role in drinking habits. These expectancies first develop inchildhood as indirect learning experiences (media, family modeling, peerinfluence) and, as a result of increased direct experiences with thepharmacological effects of alcohol, become more refined (Christiansen, Goldman,; Inn, 1982). Do the expectancies that people hold about alcohol decentlypredict consumption? Some people believe that alcohol consumption will increasesexual and aggressive behavior, or otherwise enhance social experiences. Manypeople subscribe to the view that alcohol acts as liquid courage. DataThe dependent variable for this research will be Weekly AlcoholConsumption (WEEK), measured by the total number of drinks consumed in 1 week. A standard drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle/can of beer, 1.5 ounce shot ofliquor, or a 5 ounce glass of wine. The predictor variables would include thedummy variable GENDER, where D1=1 for a male, STRESS, alcoholic expectancies(EXPECT), family alcoholism (FAMILY), and difference coping styles (COPE). .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .postImageUrl , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:hover , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:visited , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:active { border:0!important; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:active , .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84 .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d9f285fec2d4b47c5ac8263ae75df84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tourette Syndrome EssayThe complete list of possible measurable variables are: PerceivedStress, Family History of Alcoholism, Problem-Focused Coping, Emotion-FocusedCoping, Less Useful Coping, and Drinking to Cope. For alcohol expectancyoutcomes, the following variables would be useful: Sociability, TensionReduction, Liquid Courage, Sexuality, Cognitive ; Behavioral Impairment, Risk ;Aggression, and Self Perception. The data for this research project will becollected through surveys and questionnaires given to undergraduate students atone university, but not limited to one department. An attempt should be made tosplit the test group approximately equal in terms of sex. Sin ce race/ethnicityand age are not being tested, they are irrelevant for this study. Compensationmay be necessary (possibly a beer), as college students time is quite valuable,and the questionnaire may take approximately 30 minutes. There are a number oftests which currently exist which may be used to evaluate the subjects. 1. Adapted Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Adapted SMAST)This is a 13 item self-report questionnaire developed by Sher andDescutner in 1986 which is designed to measure family history of alcoholism. This is a yes/no type of test, and is specifically determines the extent of anindividuals parents alcohol abuse. 2. Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol (CEOA)The CEOA (Fromme, Stroot Kaplan, 1993) has 38 questions, and isdesigned to measure alcohol outcome expectancies. There are seven expectancyscales, four positive (sociability, tension-reduction, liquid-courage, andsexuality) and three negative (cognitive-behavioral impairment, risk andaggression, and self perception). The answers are based on a five point scalewith 1 = disagree and 5 = agree. 3. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)The PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) is a 14 item self-reportdesigned to assess the degress to which situations in ones life are appraisedas stressful. There are 7 positive and 7 negative questions. 4. COPEThe COPE (Carver et al., 1989) has 53 questions and is designed toassess individual coping dispositions. This test is quite complicated, as it ismade up of 14 scales which are categorized into 3 coping styles: Problem-FocusedCoping, Emotion-Focused Coping, and Less than Useful Coping (Denial, BehavioralDisengagement, and Mental Disengagement). The main result we will be looking atis a section called Drinking to Cope. This will help us find out whetherpeople drink to cope and if so, in what situations. SpecificationThe regression equation for this research will be as follows: WEEKi = b0+ b1(GENDER)i + b2(STRESS)i + b3(EXPECT)i + b4(FAMILY)i + b5(COPE)iThe expected signs of the coefficients are as follows:b1: This is a dummy variable, with only 2 possible values, 0=female and1=male;b2: Positive. Increased stress leads to increased drinking;b3: Both. It will probably be positive with expectancy variables likeTension Reduction, liquid-Courage and Sexuality, while negative with BehavioralImpairment, Risk ; Aggression, and Self Perception;b4: Positive. One would expect an alcoholic family would increase thelikelihood of an alcoholic child;b5: Positive. If we restrict this variable to Drinking To Cope, itshould be positive. I would plan to run a regression using one predictor variable at a time,and then adding an additional variable until many possibilities have beenregressed, determining the correlation between the different predictors. Thiswill determine as well which predictors account for what percentage of thevariability. Anticipated BenefitsAfter determination of the correlation between weekly drinking and the 5predictor variable discussed herein, we will be able to focus on which variableshave more effect, or higher correlation. If the highest correlation is found inthe FAMILY variable, we will know to spend more time and money on programs whichpromote Family Values. If high correlation is found with the STRESS variable,we can direct our energies to making college less stressful. This researchshould be used as a signal for what needs to be done in the future. .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .postImageUrl , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:hover , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:visited , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:active { border:0!important; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:active , .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025 .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1990bda5414dcd96262c52dfd94c025:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Things Fall Apart Essay ThesisReferencesCarver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., ; Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing copingstrategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 56, 267-283. Christiansen, B. A., Goldman, M. S., ; Inn, A. (1982). Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separatingpharmacological from social-learning influences. Journal of Consulting andClinical Psychology, 50, 336-344. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., ; Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and SocialBehavior, 24, 385-396. Conger, J. J. (1956). Alcoholism: Theory, problem andchallenge. II. Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism. QuarterlyJournal of Studies on Alcohol, 13, 296-305. Conway, T. L., Vickers, R. R., Ward,H. W., ; Rahe, R. H. (1981). Occupational stress and variation in cigarette,coffee, and alcohol consumption. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22,155-165. Dawson, D. A., ; Archer, L. (1992). Gender differences in alcoholconsumption: Effects of measurement. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 119-123. Hilton, M. E. (1988). Trends in US drinking patterns: Further evidence fromthe past 20 years. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 269-278. Marlatt, G. A, ;Rohsenow, D. J. (1980). Cognitive processes in alcohol use: Expectancy and thebalanced placebo design. In N. K. Mello (Ed.). Advances in Substance Abuse:Behavioral and biological research, Vol. 1. Greenwich: JAI Press. Sher, K. J.,; Descutner, C. (1986). Reports of paternal alcoholism: Reliability acrosssiblings. Journal of Addictive Behaviors, 11, 25-30. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-71682217657037556182020-03-18T12:50:00.001-07:002020-03-18T12:50:02.570-07:00Checks Balances Within The US GovernmentChecks Balances Within The US Government Free Online Research Papers What is a check? What is a balance? What is being checked or balanced? Why exactly would we need something to be checked or balanced? ââ¬Å"Checks and Balancesâ⬠is a metaphor borrowed from Clockwork (Bailyn 274). In the past days, John Harrington had compared the principle of rotation to the working of a screw or a vice (Harrington 249). From there this political metaphor gained momentum and eventually popularity owing to the endeavours of the likes of Baron de Montesquieu. The constitution of the United States is a paradigmatic example of this. This constitution is a brainchild and consequence of many events that preceded it. It strived to cater for various goals of the founding fathers, of which a fundamental one was to balance the effects of power and preclude tyranny. Consequently, federalism was applied in order to balance the national and state governments and therefore ebb the extents of power in hands of the national government. Thomas Jefferson and other founders were convinced that government at the state level was more democratic by virtue of being closer to the general people, and thus federalism came forth. Another system was, of course, the system of checks and balances. It was envisaged that this system would prevent any one branch of government exceeding its powers and therefore prevent dictatorship. After escaping from British rule, the last thing the founding fathers wanted to have was one such system in their own country. This system divided the government into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) with all branches stipulated certain independent and overlapping powers. I n a nutshell, legislative branch makes the laws, the executive branch implements it, while the judicial branch interprets it. Checks and balances is essentially a system designed to prevent a particular branch of the government gaining too much power over another. It ensures a systemic balance in the government structure. The executive branch includes the President and his federal bureaucracy, who have powers over the legislature (Senate and the House of Representatives). The presidentââ¬â¢s biggest power over the legislature is the power to veto. For example, President Johnson vetoed bills brought by the Congress over 20 times after the Civil War. As for the judicial branch, Supreme Court judges are appointed on a lifetime basis, but they are not above impeachment. Similarly, the President can not appoint judges without the senateââ¬â¢s approval. The President and Congress may agree upon a law, but the Supreme Court can declare that law unconstitutional. Checks and balances have obviously practical implications in the lives of Americans. At the executive branch, the presidential powers include the ability to approve or veto bills (except for pocket veto), carrying out federal laws, endorsing and signing treaties, granting general pardons to federal offenders, appointing judges and high ranking federal officials, acting as the commander in chief of the armed forces. He can also refuse to spend money allocated for specific purposes. As a commander in chief of the armed forces he can also wage war. Interestingly, the pardons signed by the President are not subject to the approval of any other branch of the government or even the recipient. The checks on the Presidentââ¬â¢s executive powers include the power of congress to override any veto by a two-third majority vote, refusal to confirm appointments or ratify treaties, etc. Furthermore, Congress can impeach or remove a President and declare a war. The legislative powers of the congr ess include passing federal laws and establishing lower federal courts and the number of federal judges. It also enacts taxes, authorizes borrowing and setting of budget, reserves the sole power to declare a legal war, authorize investigation against the President or high ranking federal officials, and ratifies treaties. The checks on Congressââ¬â¢ powers include the presidentââ¬â¢s power to veto a federal bill, and Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s ability to render a law unconstitutional. Furthermore, within the legislative branch, both houses of Congress must vote successfully for a law to pass. As for the judicial branch, it is designed to interpret and apply laws by trying federal cases. It also determines which laws apply to which case, has the sole power to nullify laws that conflict with a more important law, or constitution, determines the disposition of prisoners, has power to compel testimony and production of evidence. A unique quality of the judicial branch is that it police s its own members and is traditionally immune to arbitrary dismissal by other branches of the government. Also, it can declare laws and policies passed by Congress and executive acts (presidential) unconstitutional. Numerous real life conflicts have put this system to test over the past couple of centuries. President Woodrow Wilson diligently worked on a peace treaty named the Treaty of Versailles that would have ended the first World War. In 1918, however, Congress refused to ratify it. In 1987 President Reagan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. In the end, this nomination was refused. After the end of Civil War, Congress overrode more than 20 vetoes by the Presidents. In 1935 and 1936 two Roosevelt programs named NIRA and AAA were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Whether or not this system of checks and balances stands as important as it was at the beginning of ââ¬Å"American Experimentâ⬠begs a closer scrutiny of its benefits and demerits. A strong argument in favour of checks and balances is that it has been functional for over 200 years and shows no imminent signs of failure ââ¬â the longest for any current constitution in the world. President Nixonââ¬â¢s resignation over Watergate scandal and Bill Clintonââ¬â¢s infamous impeachment trial over the affair with Monica Lewinsky are proofs that the system still ably guards the United States from tyrannical administrations, widespread corruption and scandalous cover-ups. Also, the constitution is extremely difficult to amend as backed up by the fact that the last amendment was done in 1992. This means protective measures canââ¬â¢t be easily amended from the constitution, which ensures the constitution to remain a workable solution for the future. Another great benefit of this system is its enthusiastic promotion of bipartisanship. The two major parties Republicans and Democrats ought to work together to make the government more efficient and legislation easier. Without this cohesiveness at the party level it would be highly difficult for the executive branch to pass any law, which would create a political gridlock. For example, George W Bush reaped the benefit of bipartisanship to get education reform bills passed in 2001-2002. Bill Clinton, on the other hand, found his healthcare reform bill defeated as he ignored the input of the Republicans on the issue during his tenure. A major argument against checks and balances is the idealistic and somewhat naive expectations behind it, which actively depends on the assumption that fair bipartisanship will exist and ignores the contradiction of interests between different branches. Many of these contradictions shouldnââ¬â¢t have been allowed under any political system ââ¬â especially this one ââ¬â considering it was specifically devised to prevent it. For instance, the Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq wars have underscored the ability of executive branch to grossly circumvent the system altogether. None of these wars passed any form of approval from the Congress, which generally issues a declaration of war first. Furthermore, this system sometimes encourages a deadlock rather than preventing it. For example, Bill Clinton faced a major crisis with passage of his federal budget in 1995. Legislative and executive branches comprised of opposing parties, and this coupled with the lack of bipartisanship resulted in closing down of the government once money ran out. Thankfully for Clinton, he was able to manoeuvre through the gridlock and eventually got the budget passed. Again, with Clinton, in 1997 and early 1998 the Senate refused to take any action on many of Clintonââ¬â¢s appointments of new federal court nominees. This is known as a major check on presidential authority. This dispute between Clinton and the Senate meant that there werenââ¬â¢t enough federal judges to handle the workload in federal courts for a considerable period of time. This is a sterling example that two branches of the government working together doesnââ¬â¢t necessarily translate to administrative efficacy, and it is naive to expect both parties to play fair ââ¬â especially on the event of a major election. On the surface, these examples highlight the necessity of a more robust system to counter the possibility of legislative versus executive impasse. During the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, English author Walter Bagehot said, ââ¬Å"The English Constitution, in a word, is framed on the principle of choosing a single sovereign authority, and making it good: the American, upon the principle of having many sovereign authorities, and hoping that the multitude may atone for their inferiority. (Bagehot 293). To combat these drawbacks many political scientists have suggested the introduction of a parliamentary system. Former President Woodrow Wilson was an avid advocate of one such system as he agrees with the spirit of Bagehotââ¬â¢s stance: ââ¬Å"It is not necessary to assent to Mr. Bagehotââ¬â¢s strictures; but it is not possible to deny the clear-sighted justice of this criticism. In order to be fair to the memory of our great constitution-makers, however, it is necessary to remember that when they sat in convention in Philadelphia the English Constitution, which they copied, was not the simple system which was before Mr. Bagehotââ¬â¢s eyes when he wrote.â⬠(Wilson 164) These demerits aside, there is a debate on the extent of power the different branches inherit. Traditionally the judicial branch is considered the weakest and executive the most powerful. While the Constitution does not explicitly declare any branch of the government to be more powerful than another, in practice a branchââ¬â¢s power to defend itself from influence of another is understandably scoped. James Madison illustrates this point in Federalist 51: ââ¬Å"It is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.â⬠Additionally, this concept of checks and balances is seen by some as a prominent beacon of American exceptionalism. In fairness, the system of checks and balances is one that has been implemented for over 200 years, and was formulated by a group of politicians who had little idea of what the union would turn into after such a lengthy period of time. Despite that, one must consider the fact that all the branches of the government are readily restricted by the Constitution and the checks and balances implemented from within. No tyranny or dictatorship is yet to sprout off this system till this date, and that is a testament to the effectiveness of this concept. The infrequent lapses and impasses are natural of any such political system and should not be hold against the practical success of this system. Therefore the system of checks and balances does truly pass the test of time and till this date remains as important in maintaining the harmony of different government branches as it did at the advent of the ââ¬Å"American Experimentâ⬠, and as such no wholesale constitutional reform is required in foreseeable future. Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 274. Harrington, Political Works, 249. Baron de Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 18 July 2003. Stanford University. 30 August 2007. Checks and balances in the government of the United States of America, 31 August 2007 http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=477935lastnode_id=0 Emory Law School: Historical Documents ââ¬â Constitution of the United States, 30 August 2007 < law.emory.edu/index.php?id=3080> 34. The Bork Nomination, 30 August 2007 Minority Presidents and Democratic Performance in Latin American Politics and Society, 28 August 2007 Walter Bagehot, Eng|lish| Const|ituition|. P. 293 Walter Bagehot, Eng|lish| Const|ituition|. P. 296 Woodrow Wilson: The Essential Political Writings, Edited by Ronald J. Pestritto, P. 164 James Madison: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances between Different Departments, The Federalist # 51, Indepdendent Journal, Wednesday, February 6, 1788 Rick Tilman. Thorstein Veblens Views on American Exceptionalism: An Interpretation. Journal of Economic Issues. 39#1 2005. Voss, Kim. The Making of American Exceptionalism: The Knights of Labor and Class Formation in the Nineteenth Century(1993) Checks and Balances ââ¬â MSN Encarta, November 01 2007, < http://encarta.msn.com/text_761585772___3/Checks_and_Balances.html> Research Papers on Checks & Balances Within The US GovernmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Never Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-37925755285280485382020-03-02T04:36:00.001-08:002020-03-02T04:36:02.639-08:00How Making My Book Available in Print Landed It In The GuardianHow Making My Book Available in Print Landed It In The Guardian How Making My Book Available in Print Landed It In "The Guardian" When Katja Meier set out to writeà about the joys and challenges she encountered when running a refugee home in Tuscany, she had only planned to publish an ebook. Little did she know, her memoir had other (bigger) plans, that hinged on being available in print as well. This is how she found herself desperately searching for a typesetting solution in the middle of the night, with a launch date looming... Saved by the Reedsy Book EditorI discovered the Reedsy Book Editor late one night when desperately raking the internet for a solution to my haphazard typesetting attempt. I signed up for a free account immediately, started to upload the 23 chapters of my manuscript at midnight, and by 2 AM, I downloaded the print-ready PDF.It looked great but had one issue I couldnââ¬â¢t sort out myself: Across the Big Blue Sea includes an excerpt of a research article which focuses on little-known facts linked to human trafficking in Europe. I had the authorââ¬â¢s permission to include the text but only if it was formatted differently from the rest of the book. Since the excerpt is several pages long, simply putting it in cursive wouldnââ¬â¢t do.I sent Reedsy an email at 3 AM, trying hard to come across as a calm, seasoned professional (and not as the freaked-out, first-time author who had set herself the wrong launch date). In the morning, I woke up to a message from Matt Cobb (Reedsy co-f ounder and designer), who promised to investigate the issue. And that very same week, I received a new version of my manuscript with the excerpt beautifully set apart in a sans-serif font and the comforting knowledge that Iââ¬â¢d be able to make my launch date.From self-published memoir to Guardian ââ¬Å"best summer bookâ⬠Some things you can plan, others you canââ¬â¢t. I had sent an email to The Guardianââ¬â¢s book-reviewing team a couple of months before the book was published. Not surprisingly, especially for an indie author, I never heard back.Luckily, a few months earlier I had taken marketing advice from Jesse Finkelstein of pagetwostrategies.com and written to some of my favorite authors asking for endorsements. This is not an easy thing to do - it takes courage to ask time from authors who are probably already flooded with similar requests. But it's well worth asking, especially if you feel the author might be truly interested in the topic of your book.By seem ing-providence, at the same time that The Guardian wasnââ¬â¢t getting back to me, one of the writers I had contacted for endorsements wrote back and said sheââ¬â¢d be happy to receive a copy (and four more followed suit!). Taiye Selasi, author of the wonderful Ghana Must Go, didnââ¬â¢t just write an insightful endorsement for me to use, she also remembered Across the Big Blue Sea when The Guardian asked her for her favorite books of the summer. And unknown to me, Taiye had already mentioned my book a few months before in The Guardianââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Books That Made Meâ⬠series.I got lucky twice, and Iââ¬â¢m afraid Iââ¬â¢ll have to contradict Louis Pasteurââ¬â¢s famous quote here: it turns out that chance doesnââ¬â¢t just favor the prepared mind, it also favors the well-prepared book and the courageous author. (Hell, it takes guts to contact your favorite writers for endorsements)!Print is far from deadFrom the day the book was first published in February 20 17, I have been selling more print books than ebooks. I wouldnââ¬â¢t want to miss out on the ebook version - after all, I care about people who live in forlorn places without a reliable postal service. But my sales would look dire if it wasnââ¬â¢t for the print edition. Whatever retailer I look at, the paperback fares better.And when I meet the American students whose universities use Across the Big Blue Sea as a textbook for their study abroad programs in Italy, Iââ¬â¢m each time surprised and honored anew that they travel with a print copy in their backpacks.Back to the Reedsy Book Editor once moreWith Italian and German translations in the pipeline, Iââ¬â¢ll be back for a few night-time dates with the Reedsy Book Editor early next year (beware Matt, more desperate 3 AM emails coming your way). But being able to easily update my book proved useful and necessary for the already-published English edition too. I already updated the manuscript once to add two pages of end orsements at the beginning of the book. And while weââ¬â¢re working on the film adaptation of Across the Big Blue Sea, Iââ¬â¢m planning to keep readers jour of the progress there too.But being able to amend the manuscript doesnââ¬â¢t just mean I can shamelessly brag about film rights and cool reviews in The Guardian: more importantly, I can update the information on how to support the migrant women mentioned in my book. And that is, after all, why I sat down to write it in the first place.How has publishing print copies of your book affected your publishing experience? Leave any thoughts or questions for Katja in the comments below! Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-33110159558272129532020-02-14T20:00:00.001-08:002020-02-14T20:00:03.729-08:00Afro-Latin-Anerican Political Leaders Research PaperAfro-Latin-Anerican Political Leaders - Research Paper Example Political modernity entails the aspirations to a better future as well as ideals for political and legal equality. To this end, Afro Latin American leaders are well remembered for their fight for racial equality, lack of government attention to their problem, predominant poverty and hardship. Evidently, the Latin American slavery is believed to have lasted longer and exhibited much more intensity than the United States. To this end, the early 15th century was synonymous with the enslavement of the Blacks by the Spaniards and Portuguese. This occurred even before the Columbus expeditions. The 1880ââ¬â¢s marked the end of slavery in Latin American following abolishment by Brazil and Cuba2. There exists much less attention accorded to Afro-Latin American after the end of the colonial era. This has largely been due to the failure of recognition or identity crisis. Furthermore, more attention has normally been focused on Afro-American leaders in the fight of equality as compared to the ir Afro-Latin American counterparts. It is of interest to note that there have been national political leaders of African descent in a majority of Latin American countries. This has been evident in the early part of the twentieth century as well as late nineteenth century. Moreover, such Afro-Latin American leadership has been evident despite of the existence of strong racial discrimination.. However, a number of Latin American countries have been preoccupied with historical motives of curbing the political power among the huge segment of poor and working class people. Evidently, literacy requirements for voting were maintained by a majority of the Latin American governments after independence ... Afro Latin American Participation in Political Leadership Over a period of 30 year, Afro-Latin Americans have attained considerable gains in political organization, social movement activism, and mobilization. To this end, Afro-Latin American political leader and civil rights groups have been at the forefront in agitating against discrimination, racial prejudice and other forms of inequality. This was a stark contrast to the early 1970ââ¬â¢s in which there was very minimal political activity by black groups4. Evidently, many Afro-Latin Americans were being oppressed in authoritative regimes from 1960ââ¬â¢s to 1980ââ¬â¢s. Presently, the existence of political-social movements that brought together Afro-Latin Americans have been in existence in every sub region of America such as Southern Cone, Central America, Caribbean, Andean and every other Latin American country. These movements have garnered political success in agitating for better economic and educational opportunities, racial equality and denouncing racism. The Afro-Latin political leadership within the black movements has taken a step further in addressing their concerns through churches, community, associations, labor unions, political parties, civic organizations and other social movements5. Furthermore, they have been successful in lobbying governments for public policy, resources and specific legislation at the local, state, national and international levels. To this end, Afro-descendants have gained more visibility, respect and acknowledgement in Latin America. However, the Afro-Latin American political groups are not properly structured or organized. To this end, some of them exhibit disconnect and insufficient synergy among members and leaders; the wider black communities and the Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-70883711612483815322020-02-02T00:21:00.001-08:002020-02-02T00:21:02.489-08:00Niccolo Paganini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsNiccolo Paganini - Essay Example He became a legend for his unmatched mastery over the violin and conquered the hearts of people with his debut in Milan in 1813, and performed in fourteen concerts at Vienna and was rewarded profoundly by the emperor of that time. He then moved on to amaze his listeners in London and Paris. Niccolo Paganini was not only a performer but also an outstanding composer. Most acclaimed of his compositions are ââ¬Ë24 capricciââ¬â¢, which was composed for solo violin performances and is considered one of most complex compositions written for violin. Other notable works include ââ¬ËLe stregheââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËMoto perpetuoââ¬â¢. Paganini enjoyed astounding his audiences by playing tricks and giving such unbelievable performances that it was rumored that he had made a pact with the devil. He was known to play major parts of his compositions on a single string and was ambidextrous with techniques that included pizzicato, double stops and harmonics. He was overtaken by grave illnes s in October 1838 which took away his voice, and the legendary violinist died a year later in November 1839 (Sugden). His contribution to music is remarkable and his works are still a source of inspiration for violinists around the world. Works Cited Sugden, John. Niccolo Paganini: Supreme Violinist or Devil's Fiddler? . Seven Hills Books, 1989. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-36130678730950951832020-01-24T20:42:00.001-08:002020-01-24T20:42:03.851-08:00Deir El Medina Speech. -- essays research papers Good morning/afternoon class, Deir el-Medina is one of Egypt's archaeological gems. Located in a little valley on the west bank across from Luxor are the well-preserved foundations of a village that was used for about 500 years during the New Kingdom. Its inhabitants included the workmen and artisans who constructed the New Kingdom royal tombs in the nearby Valley of the Kings. The name Deir el-Medina comes from the Arabic meaning "monastery of the town" because of the presence of a Ptolemaic temple nearby which was once used as a Coptic monastery. I have chosen to speak to you about the architecture in deir el medina. By its final stage approximately 70 houses stood within the village walls and 50 outside. Perhaps 600 people lived here by then. A wall surrounded the village approximately six meters high built of mud-brick. Gates were located at each end. The villages of Deir El Medina made up a special government department under the vizier of Upper Egypt, and were a select largely hereditary group of scribes, quarrymen, stonemasons, artisans, and labourers, who created the final resting place for their divine rulers. Most of the houses in Deir El Medina were built in a standard elongated design, 15 by 5 meters. They had rubble bases and mud brick structures, and shared walls like todayââ¬â¢s terrace housing. Each of these houses would have the following features. Down several steps from the street was an entrance room, with niches for offerings, stelae and busts... Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-89359822964207483312020-01-16T17:06:00.001-08:002020-01-16T17:06:02.278-08:00Brian Eno EssayWe all know that everything has started to change in music with the recording technology. What we qualified something really important in music in the past, such as history, time and place etc. , today, in a sense, they start to lose their ââ¬Å"valueâ⬠. Before explaining the idea of Brian Eno, i want to mention what we discuss before him. Previously, we discussed Benjamin, Gould who supported the opposite sides of one point and i think the main point of these discussions is ââ¬Ëthe aura of the music has started to destroy with the recording technologyââ¬â¢, accordingly, ââ¬Ëtime and the placeââ¬â¢ have started to lose their value too. Of course, Brian Eno discussed the time line, while he was mentioning his idea. Brian Eno is an English musician, composer, record producer, music theorist, singer and visual artist. On his essay, ââ¬ËStudio as a Compositional Toolââ¬â¢, he mentions that an artist can start his composition in a recording studio without having any idea about creating his work. In other words, starting a work in scratch , starting a work without an available idea and at this moment ââ¬Ëthe time lineââ¬â¢ appears. If an artist has a specific idea to create his work, this idea evolved slowly. So, music comes into exist. In a way, the artist has got a direction and he knows what he can do, and also he can guess the finished product before he starts his composition. By this way, two things become important; the beginning of the work and the end of the work. Time line becomes important in this style of production. On the other hand, Brian Eno approaches it differently. An artist does not have to have a specific idea before going to recording studio, he does not have to carry his idea to the future. He can start to create his work with observing its transformations at the very moment in studio. For this idea, people are not able to know what the product will be in the end. So, the artist has not any concern to assimilate his work to his idea. The product started progress at the moment and it will end up like that. Trying to create a work with an available idea is different from creating a work without any available idea. According to Brian Eno, people do not have to have a specific idea to create a composition. The beginning of the work can give the artists an idea and they can develop it, transform it while observing its progression. The sounds are changing and when an artist listens them, a new idea can comeà into his mind and he can intervene in it. It goes like this. There is a thing people are not able to know: the result of this product, just like life. People born, grow up, while they are growing up, they learn something, they make mistakes and they try to fix them, they try to do not make these mistakes again, these actions continue to happen but they do not know what will happen tomorrow. They do not know what happens next. Time passes, time goes on but where it goes? We do not know. In addition to this, do we have to know? I do not think so. While the classical compositions are formed, the artist has an idea in his mind before forming it and the composition is formed with this direction, this idea. In other words, the artist knows what it is going to be at the end. Apart from that, the artist should know the history of music, he is able to play at least one instrument, he should also know writing scores. So, he should know how to transform his idea into object technically but people do not need this. Of course the artist should know something, he has knowledge about music a little bit, but it is not the only thing to create a composition. The artist also must not have idea about his work before starting his work like how classical compositions work. The artist has no idea about the result of his product when he starts his work without any idea. Because of this situation, he does not have any connection with the past. There are only an artist and a studio and this artist tries to produce a product at the moment contrary to classical composition style. ââ¬Å"Being there at this moment ââ¬Å" is really important. While mentioning to create a work at the exact moment, there is a painter , who is Jackson Pallock. Of course, he might have idea, when he painted his paintings but if you look at his paintings, you can easily see the action and it is not possible to decide these ideas before starting to paint. The exact moment is more important than the idea at his works. Here comes again this situation: ââ¬Å"Being there at the moment.â⬠Just like what Eno is doing. He is also affected by him. In classical composition, we can mention the relation between the artist and the product. There is another thing; when an artist started his work with a specific idea, there is a risk to fail because, you have things to compare ,à you have chance to compare your idea and your product. But according to Brian Eno, there is no place for failure because, the artist does not have enough thing to compare, he does not have an idea, he has only product. When classical composition finishes, the performer and the acoustical environment, the concert hall are also affected the composition. By this way, it is so hard to know exactly the idea of the composer. The performer cannot give the feeling or the environment does not give the same sound. With the recording technology, something has started to change in a good way. In recording studio environment, people have chance to interfere in the acoustic environment. Of course there is certain limits but people are able to do it. Because of this situation, the limits are more larger than the times before the recording. People are able to change the sounds with the recording tech, they do not have this chance to do it with their acoustic instruments. On the other hand, many people, who have not enough ability to play an instrument, have chance to make music and this is really good development. Just like, what Brian Eno said: ââ¬Å" I can neither read nor write music, i cannot play any instruments.â⬠The technology makes it possible, makes the limits more larger, gives a change to come into existence for ââ¬Å"different musicâ⬠. It is so nice, and it is eccentrical. *Music is all around us, all you have to do is listen. * Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-9652518332807252522020-01-08T13:28:00.001-08:002020-01-08T13:28:04.314-08:00Memory in The Drowned And the Saved by Primo Levi Essay Primo Levi, in The Drowned and the Saved, expresses theories of memory. My objective is to prove that Primo Leviââ¬â¢s theories of memory being transitive and selective are correct. I will do this by examining and critiquing not only Leviââ¬â¢s perspective on memory, but also those of other philosophers and psychoanalysts whose work explored the subject. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Writer and chemist, survivor and witness, Primo Levi was born in Turin, Italy, in 1919. Like most Italian Jews of his generation, Levi was assimilated to the hilt: quot;Religion,quot; he later recalled, quot;did not count for much in my family.quot; In 1938, however, his religion of Judaism became a sudden and serious liability. That year, Mussolinis governmentâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Myriam Anissimov, author of The Tragedy of an Optimist, explores the complex nature of a man who was both a strong and spirited survivor as well as a man prone to severe depression, a man who felt misunderstood and certain that future generations would forget and deny what many would call the central informing disaster of the century. The biography expresses many of theories on memory and exemplifies a memory in itself; as he bears witness to the past. Primo Levi explores memory in a much deeper fashion than society. The fact that Levi devoted his time to a subject society does not care to pay much attention to, is attractive to me. It is interesting the way Levi presents and supports his theories. For example, Levi argues that memory is selective. Levi then uses the example: ââ¬Å"A person who has been wounded tends to block out the memory so as not to renew the pain; the person who has inflicted the wound pushes the memory deep down, to be rid of it, to alleviate the feeling of guilt.â⬠(Pg. 24) Society encounters wounds everyday, whether mentally or physically. Do you think society is worrying about those wounds becoming memories at a later date? Levi does this because he has experienced what it feels like to have a terrible experience turn into a horrific memory, which is what makes Leviââ¬â¢s writingsShow MoreRelatedThe Drowned and the Saved925 Words à |à 4 PagesMay 1, 2010 Holocaust The Drowned and the Saved Primo Leviââ¬â¢s last book, The Drowned and the Saved, not only commemorates his time spent at Auschwitz concentration camp, but also analyzes the situations that happened to him and his fellow prisoners. The book gives sight to what was going on in the lives of all parties involved and how each has evolved into what they are today. The purpose of Leviââ¬â¢s book was for his audience to realize that even in our modern world, something tragic like theRead MoreSummary of Survival In Auschwitz by Primo Levi 1019 Words à |à 4 PagesIn Survival In Auschwitz, Primo Levi details his experience of life inside of Auschwitz and as a Holocaust survivor. Levi was a twenty-five year old chemist who was involved in the anti-Fascist movement in Italy. In late 1943, Levi was captured and sent to Auschwitz, where he stayed for the remainder of the war. Survival in Auschwitz is a bitter account, drenched and coated in pain, hunger, and cold. Prisoners are gradually dehumanised into Haftling e who are only concerned with their own existenceRead MoreEssay on The Holocaust: The Concentration Camps1484 Words à |à 6 Pagesdestuction of humanism, which is the most important mission of the society after World War II. There are many sources of Holocaust trying to best uncover the truth, such as the inhabitantââ¬â¢s experience of the immediate suffering in the camp, fragment memories from the survivors. However, only the analyzations with critical sights of these horrible actions will appeal for just humanitarian attentions to the most extent. Inhabitantââ¬â¢s experience of the immediate suffering in the camp simply describes Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-39707956319073841962019-12-31T09:54:00.001-08:002019-12-31T09:54:03.150-08:00Online Dating Vs. Internet Dating - 1574 Words Being brought up in a traditional family, where my parents will be married forty nine years next year, it is hard for me to understand married people going frequenting online dating sites. I now realize after Googling married people online dating that married people using online dating services is not only a very common practice, there appear to be online dating service that target married people looking for a date or more. Many married people are finding the temptation of online dating irritable. On e website is stating that 150,000 married people join online dating sites each month and these sites are doing there best to increase their member enrollment. What is it that makes these sites so attractive? Experts say it is the anonymity of it all. Online you can be anybody you want, you can be any age and you can look like anyone that you desire. In other words, you can leave your true self behind and exist in a fantasy world for the time being. This fantasy world is very appealing to a person that may be bored or experiencing problems in their real life relationship. Married online dating is a way of leaving those problems behind, at least for the time being. You do not have to sneak out and go to hotel. You perfect date is as close as your mouse and in most cases, online dating is relatively easy to conceal, at least for a short time. Most people who participate in online dating do not consider it cheating, because there was no touching involved. I guess it all dependsShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating Vs. Internet1162 Words à |à 5 PagesJessica Gardner Professor Minnis English 1D March 9, 2015 Online Dating Online dating is one of the most over-hyped and probably one of the worst places to find someone to have a romantic relationship with. But, with social networking becoming all the rage, online dating has become a huge phenomenon that has caught trend nationwide. 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The effects of bullying can cause suicides, depressionRead MoreThe Internet: A Social and Cognitive Crutch 1246 Words à |à 5 Pages The internet, and some other technologies have vastly evolved over time. It has made many tasks much quicker and easier to complete. However, there are some negative effects associated with the use of the internet and other technologies that many people, find so glorious. Where we once had to go out to meet new people we can now simply log on to our favorite social networking site, and make copious amounts of online friends. There was also a point in time where we had to recall most of our informationRead MoreDavid Packard and Bill Hewlett2566 Words à |à 10 Pagesin 1989, about 20 years after the first Internet connection was established (World Wide Web Foundation, 2014). Ever since then, the World Wide Web has arguably become the biggest form of communication the world has ever known. Around 40% of the world population has an Internet connection today. And, with an estimated 9.4 million public pages and 3billion people on the web, the Internet has certainly impacted our global society one way or the other (Internet Usage Statistics, 2014). But, we are wayRead MoreThe World of Cyberspace and its Effects on Social Relationships2046 Words à |à 9 Pagesmany opportunities for professional relationships to establish, such as the relationship between Facebook usage and an increase in work values in Taiwan (Lin, Le, Khalil, Cheng, 2012). However, contradictory results suggest that heavy use of the internet by people may be a factor of producing negative social well-being (Merkle Richardson, 2000). In order to fully understand how social cyberspace affects everyday relationships, all forms of interactions must be examined. This research presentedRead MoreDating As A Stage Of Romantic And Sexual Relationships Essay1948 Words à |à 8 PagesDating is defined as a stage of romantic and, or sexual relationships between humans in which two or more people socially meet, possibly first as friends or associates with the intentions of assessing each others suitability to be a partners for a more long term, committed intimate relat ionship or marriage. People go about it very different ways: meetings in public that can either be very casual or more laid back, or with the advancements of modern technology, it can be done via mobile phone or onlineRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1337 Words à |à 6 PagesThere is a plethora of social media sites available with a variety of functions. Some sites are meant for strictly sharing photos, some allow for anonymous communication, others are meant for building professional connections and some even allow for dating. For reference, a list of some of the most popular sites: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, Vine, Yik Yak, LinkedIn, Google+, Pinterest, Grindr, Tinder, Badoo. As social media use rises, as does concerns that communication and interaction withRead MoreOnline Communication Has Changed The Idea Of Romance Essay1735 Words à |à 7 PagesOnline communication has changed the idea of romance. As technology continues improving, it provides an easier and more efficient communication between couples but this has affected the way in which they initiate a romantic relationship. Men strive to achieve a goal and to obtain control, while women, unclear of her feelings, overthink every step of the way during the relationship. Having a face-to-face communication allows others to interpret your ideas, and emotions. If people use excessively the Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-1966077287659121882019-12-23T05:41:00.001-08:002019-12-23T05:41:03.062-08:00History of the English Language - 1655 Words History of the English Language [47 words] This ever so changing, perpetually adapting and complex language that is English grew as large as it is today for a variety of reasons; all of which will be explained in this disquisition, point-by-point, following the three grand evolution periods of the language (Old, Middle and Modern English). Old English (5th century) The Celtic settlement of Britain (8th - 6th century B.C.) [71 words] Once upon a time, there were people named the Celts who roamed the lands of Europe. They conquered and explored most of it, before finally deciding one day to settle in one precise part of it; Britain. During these times, it was not uncommon for them to trade as well as to fight alongside the Romans and for that, a slight but nonetheless significant influence of Latin occurred on their language. The Roman conquest of Britain (43A.D.) [59 words] As the Roman Empire grew more and more thirsty for new territories to subjugate, Britain was quick to fall prey to their might. UponShow MoreRelatedHistory of English Language1776 Words à |à 8 PagesHistory of the English Language One thing that makes human culture possible is the language, not thought. We cannot form a precise though without the power of words. Surely, we can relay on pictures, but language is the tool that will help the idea construct more completely, precisely, with more detail and finesse. Animals communicate, but their way of communication is based on cries consisted of limited number of symbols which have general meaning. Example: In case of danger: - A humanRead More The History of the English Language Essay2183 Words à |à 9 PagesThe History of the English Language In this paper I will discuss where and how the English language originated and how it has spread to become one of the most spoken languages in the world. Before I started my research on my topic of choice, my original hypothesis was that the English language was started by a whole assortment of Germanic tribes invading England thousands of years ago. This ultimately became the goal of my paper, to see if Germanic tribes started the English language, or ifRead MoreEducating English Language Learners: History of Lau vs. Nichols1785 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Educating English Language Learners History of Lau v. Nichols The Supreme Court caseÃâà Lau v. NicholsÃâà is truly a landmark case when it comes to public education, the rights of language learners and, in a bigger picture, the treatment of immigrants. Chinese American students residing in San Francisco and attending public schools there were responsible for this truly momentous case. These students, native Chinese speakers, and knowing very little English, were placed in standard classrooms whereRead More[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the1000 Words à |à 4 Pages[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use voice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what h as shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilizationRead MoreEssay about Womenà ´s Language: A History of Indian-English Women Writers2269 Words à |à 10 PagesWomenââ¬â¢s Language: A history of Indian-English Women Writers. ââ¬Å"Women have burnt like beacons in all the works of all the poets from the beginning of time. Indeed if woman had no existence save in the fiction written by men, one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some would say greater. But this is woman in fiction. In fact, as Professor Trevelyan points out, she was lockedRead MoreHow English Evolved Into A Modern Language797 Words à |à 4 PagesEnglish is the official language of many countries all over the world and is spoken more and more every day(How English Evolved Into a Modern Language.). Modern English is the product of the invasions of England over a long period of time(Where Did the English Language Come From?). Throughout history English has influenced and been influenced by many different languages(A Brief History of the English Language.). Historically, English is divided into three periods: Old En glish or Anglo-SaxonRead MoreThe Language Of The English Language Essay1217 Words à |à 5 PagesThe English language has been the language that most people use in conversations and in everyday life. According to Carmen Santillana (2013), English is the most used language in the world, and there are one out of five people that can speak or understand the English language. There are 53 countries whose main language is English. According to a research in the US, it takes 4-7 years or even 10 years for a student in the US to develop their academic language proficiency (p. 85). Every country hasRead More Definition of the English Language Essay1112 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the English Language The many varieties of dialects and accents of the English language make it difficult to put together one exact definition of what the English language is when looked upon as one unified language. One has to look at the evolutionary development of the language. It is therefore necessary to consider the historical events to grasp the coherence of the present situation regarding the English speaking nations of the world. The history of theRead MoreEssay On English Language702 Words à |à 3 Pagesmillion people speak English worldwide. It is used in commerce, legislation, and as the basis for communication between countries. Many adolescents learn how to speak English in their early childhood, and many universities worldwide mainly teach in English. Historically, the most widely spoken language has originated from a very powerful nation. Thus, the influence of English-speaking countries is exceptionally great, incentivizing the widespread use of the language. Although English may be deemed theRead MoreEssay AngloSaxon Language1062 Words à |à 5 PagesAngloSaxon Language Nearly all knowledge of the English language before the seventh century is hypothetical. Most of this knowledge is based on later English documents and earlier documents in related languages (3). The English language of today represents many centuries of development. As a continuous process, the development of the English language began in England around the year 449 with the arrival of several Germanic tribes including: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes (1, p Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-61775361270520453602019-12-15T02:10:00.001-08:002019-12-15T02:10:05.615-08:00Supply Chain Management Ups Free Essays string(71) " trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities\." SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| Table of Contents Introduction * Transport * United Parcel Service Overview * Industry Impacts * Industry Overview 2009 2010 * Competition * Customers * Organisation of the System * Movement of freight * Conclusion * United Parcel Service To transport people or services in the twenty first century, the process can either be a long haul one or a short crisp and clean journey, of course depending on what exactly is being transported and where the point of origin is and the final destination. Supply Chain Management is the procedure by which this is done ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ moving from one location to another, safely, conveniently, and as economically as possible. Goods must be moved to a point of Distribution in order to be made available to the ultimate customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Ups or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠Lennon, SCM Transportation 2010 Transportation Transportation and logistics are crucial to our economy and society. As well as been responsible for the process of moving people and goods, the worlds transportation and logistics service is accountable for the creation of many concepts and inspiration for new technology. Transport is the means or process by which people and goods are moved from one location to customers, safely, conveniently and as economically as possible. ââ¬â Logistics, The Stores, Inventory Control, Transport and Distribution Aspect. McInerney, 2000 From the invention of the first steam engine to the twenty first century fuel powered aircraft, express vessels and even transportation to outer space our economy has improved immensely with expertise and knowledge always improving in relation to transportation. Currently there is a great variation in the market for both domestic and industrial usage. Time is no longer a problem when it comes to moving from one continent to another. It only takes a matter of hours compared to the long process which once took months. Communication worldwide has benefited from these improvements and this has a knock on effect on businesses. Different communities and societies now correspond with each other, transportation is always generating relations and theses relations have a major role in our society, in development, social, regional and economic consistency in the world. From every standpoint in a business operation a well organised and competent arrangement of transportation is vital. Manufacturers, customers and finally the consumer all need a reliable efficient system in place so that they can operate from. The manufacturer entails transport in both an inbound and outbound manner. A good system in this example will result in less capital engaged in stock because supplies can be acquired faster; therefore the manufactures company at large will have a better cash flow system. Also a cheaper rate of transportation will mean the company will have a higher profit margin and their chance of succeeding will increase. To the world at arge there are many advantages of an efficient transportation system including new markets, increased standard of living, etc as well as some weaknesses such as exploiting of inferior nations and the impact on nature along with many other predicaments. Elements of an idyllic transport arrangement are determined by expenses, safety, speed, convenience, flexibility and reliability, these elements come considered when choosing a mode of transp ort. On all sides of the globe there are many different means of transportation. They comprise of the well known road, rail, air, water and the lesser known pipeline, cable and space. The selection of the most appropriate style of transportation from the manufacture to the end customer or the movement of basically anything or anybody involves these elements of the transportation arrangement. In correspondence with the transport system at large and taking all the elements of an excellent operated system the author decided to base her report on a logistics servicing company with an extensive assortment of transportation, e-commerce in addition to many business services. The company is identified as United Parcel Service (UPS) and is part of the worldââ¬â¢s leading logistics operators. The author, in this report will focus on the corporationââ¬â¢s transportation system throughout the world. United Parcel Service Overview The company UPS is a well known reputable business which was established in 1907 by teenager named Jim Casey. The proposal for the company was recognised when the founder was employed by a private messaging company in Seattle, America. Whilst working there Casey recognised how the mailing services were inefficient. Little did he know that his initiative would launch the worldââ¬â¢s largest small-package carrier company. From 1913, the business expanded and developed their potential. They no longer bound themselves to work with just mail but they introduced large packages, then motor vehicles, then deliveries for vendors and merchandisers and then the shipping of parcels. Between the late seventies and early eighties, UPS began shipping parcels worldwide. To ignore dilemmas and jeopardise relations with their customers they avoided using commercial aircraft and set up their own airline business. Currently their position is the ââ¬Å"9th largest airline in the worldâ⬠. http://www. wikinvest. om/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) UPS was first established in the American state of Washington and found themselves operating in a company that was capitalized with $100 in debt. The company spread from eastern USA to the mid-west, from Los Angeles to New York the company soon spread to all parts of the States. Beginning with their first plane in 1952 to creating their iconic logos the company that is UP S always represented stability and is a highly regarded efficient operation. UPS constantly grows each year and is always at a bid to try and improve their services. Industry Impacts The author is without doubt positive that this industry of transportation was sure to occur. Along with FedEx and some other competitors UPS commenced the operation of this industry. Constantly it is been pushed to higher grades, the next day delivery is a prime example. Previous to UPS AND FedEx the industry simply didnââ¬â¢t exist. The delivery of packages and documents was carried out by a haphazard system of carriers consisting of trucks, trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities. You read "Supply Chain Management Ups" in category "Essay examples" Neither speed nor reliability was a hallmark of this system. SRI International 2001, Global Impact of FedEx on the New Economy Industry Overview 2009 2010 Economic health is a key determinant of mail and package capacity. If the economy is not healthy, then the volume of domestic packages with in the U. S, to international packages, and onto freight and supply chain is reduced and UPS and others in their industry likewise. 2009: UPS and many other companies alike in their industry had a pessimistic outlook on their corporations mainly during the years 2008 and early 2009 because of the downturn in the worldââ¬â¢s economy. Weaknesses lay all over the world, from Europe to Asia and American all suffered from this slowdown. It resulted in countless companies, from retailers to internet sources having a decrease in sales, and to the individuals that also availed of UPSââ¬â¢s services financially notable to pay for the services of USP. The demand for packages diminished. Some workplaces put up the shutters, whilst others put in place dramatic cutbacks as funds were not available for them and this directly affected UPS in 2008 and partly 2009. However because UPS had created a strong brand name, a good standing n the market and an excellent operations system in place they overcame the collapse of the worldwide market. Also the evacuation of some minor league competitors resulted in an overall enhancement for USP. From mid 2009 onwards the company reaped the rewards of profits suffered earlier in the year, the volume of packages increased. Average daily volume for next day air increased 2. 8% over 2008 levels. Ground volume demonstrated an improving trend over the previous quarters despite a 2. 9% decline in the fourth quarter compared with 2008. -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) 2010: After an improvement in 2010, UPS has progressed even further in 2010. Profits are highly cyclical as they rely on a strong American, European and Asian Market and are growing even further into the undeveloped markets. For the first quarter of 2010, revenue increased by 7% to $11. 7 billion since the previous yearââ¬â¢s first quarter. This was mainly due to increases in yield and operating leverage. The overall increases in operating leverage were due to overall growth in all business segments, most notably the growth in the international package and supply chain business. Higher revenues were also due to increases in base pricing and higher fuel surcharges. Higher prices were possible due to the recovery from the 2008-2010 recessions. In the overall, net income increased by 37% UPS expects these increases to continue throughout the year, producing substantial revenue growth from recessionary levels. Wiki Analysis -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) Competition The UPS Corporation is a multibillion dollar enterprise with over 200,000 employees. In their industry of transportation and logistics UPS has only three chief contenders, FedEx, DHL and United States Postal Service (USPS). Between the four companies they provide equal services, however their ifferences lies in the prices, which is an apparent point of competition, but is only an issue in undeveloped markets. Also the availability of the service provider in specific locations is another distinction. Competition is rigid, but because of the vast investment devoted by each of the companies there is only a few major competitors. FedEx currently stands as UPS ââ¬â¢s biggest competition. They are the only treat to UPS as they could manage to outsize them in this industry. They offer the exact same services, and both operate in the same league but the scale of operation between the two rivals is different. However FedEx has the reputation for being much more expensive in relation to their products. DHL is another key contender for UPS. This company mainly operates from their base country of Germany and is involved in the traditional postal services. As well as that they offer an array of services, whether you are shipping across town country or continent. They also hold with them the title of being the worldââ¬â¢s largest logistics provider. As of now the European market for UPS is on a rise so warms up the competition for both companies even further. United States Postal Service (USPS) is a direct competitor of UPS, however they have come together to operate a win-win situation for both companies. UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a program that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfers it to a USPS center, or destination delivery point (DDU), for final distribution. http://www. sooperarticles. com/business-articles/fedex-express-competitors-19758. html As well as these main competitors, UPS also battles their market share out with operators such as Canada Post, Royal Mail, Japan Post, and many other postal, cargo and courier companies. Customers Many individuals and business use UPS to send or receive vital information. The overnight service which UPS provides is popular as some fundamental transactions for business may have to be prepared or concluded. Other companies utilize the service to send apparatus and mechanical equipment which may be required instantly to keep industrial units and technology in operation. Overall there is a demand for urgent mail, packages, and freight transportation worldwide. Any transportation company will have a wide variety of customers, and UPSââ¬â¢s include entertainment, banking, science, construction, insurance, gambling, telecommunications, housing, legal, data processing, education, manufacturing, retail, medical and even the steel industry. For ever customer, there is a specific need, UPS addresses these needs and examine the characteristics of the product and get an understanding of the best mode of transportation for the customer and their goods, destination is too considered and the customer can undertake the application process online and decide and choose for themselves the best option for them. As UPS falls into the service industry a key issue for them is to create and maintain good customer relations, this leads onto customer loyalty with the brand of UPS, the company then can observe a growth in profits, now they can avail of the opportunity to escalate and advance and as a service industry employees must understand the importance these good relations. Just of late September 2010, UPS launched a fresh logistics television advertisement campaign. UPS wanted to show potential customers its passion for transportation and supply chains solutions, what it calls ââ¬Å"New Logisticsâ⬠and it especially wants to bring the message of growth opportunity to small business. www. social medianinfluence. com Skepys, 2010, The company wants to promote themselves even more to the world; they are ever increasing and want to work with almost everyone and every business, as in this television campaign they are reaching out to the small to medium sized businesses. Organisation of the System The author has reported extensively on the external factors which have shaped UPS accordingly. The author has now chosen to write on some of the internal aspects which form the operation of the corporation. As already shown earlier in the report UPS have numerous transportation modes which include air, surface, charter and hand carry. Many service options are available to all customers to meet their needs. The process that UPS must entail to do this naturally depends on factors about the goods. UPS has access to transport i. e. aircrafts, ships, railways and road transport all across our globe, but the consumers needs depends on which option the company feels best suits the situation at hand. As stated UPSââ¬â¢s website You get the benefits of our vast network of transport options, specialised equipment, proactive communication, advanced tracking and worldwide research. ââ¬â www. ups. com If a customer wishes to send a package anywhere across the world with UPS, this is possible as there is no restrictions with them. Since UPS was first established over one hundred years ago technology has evolved so much that via the World Wide Web anybody can create shipments, imports, and returns. They can also calculate time and cost view charges, plan to have their shipments collected, view locations and history and all at the comfort of their own home or workplace. UPS basic principles in relation to transporting goods are * Domestic parcels which are made up of post i. e. letters and packages. These can be transported anywhere throughout the USA. * UPS deliver to over 200 counties worldwide and they categorise this sector into International Packages, any type of package is suitable to be transported. UPS operate a supply chain and freight sector, it comprises of UPSââ¬â¢s logistics business providers in more than 175 countries throughout the globe. The author decided first to refer to the tracking service which UPS functions. Tracking a package allows the consumer to monitor the status and location of their item. The process is quite simple to use. The process is quite simple to use. Via the internet the customer can track by tracking number, by reference and email and they can even obtain signature evidence of delivery. The system of tracking has positive effects; it means the customer will be able to have an enhanced controlled time management structure in place. Movement of Freight Road: Following tracking the author decided to focus on UPS and their movement of freight. UPS moves goods using their transport methods from their point of origin to their final destination. Depending on where the freight is destined for is related to the type of transport used, also factors such as volume, weight and purpose of the goods conveys the mode of transport used. First the author chose to write about freight travelling via land, as globally this is the most common method used. Two methods for this type of transportation can be used; the first option involves using UPS services or other logistic firms. This method is basic and it involves the logistics firm, e. g. UPS picking up the goods, and delivering them via lorryââ¬â¢s or vans. Throughout America and vast parts of the world, UPS is well recognised by their famous Pullman brown coloured trucks and vans. Railway: The second method of land transportation is to avail of the railway service. UPS provide this option to their customers as they believe it is lucrative and loyal preference. Railways transportation is generally used for long distance journeys for heavy goods, and it is by and large only effective for customers whom use it for them purposes. As using trains for transportation only suits a minority if the market this means more and more customers use the service of UPS road transportation as it involves less hassle, is an inexpensive method and overall is a much better approach as they are direct deliveries. However, as the author already stated the selection for which mode of transport to avail of depends on the goods themselves, e. g. iron ore would be best transported via railway in comparison to mail with more be more effective to be transported via road. Rail transportation is able to travel at higher speeds, carry a much larger capacity, have fewer delays as traffic is never an issue and they can deal with almost all weather conditions, as well as being safe and very secure. UPS provide climate controlled containers for specific goods which may be perishable e. g. ood, flowers, as well as their ordinary containers suitable for normal goods. Ships: As well as transporting via roads and railway, UPS also uses waterways and the sea to transport their customerââ¬â¢s goods. The mode of transportation used is ships. The goods are enclosed in containers, which are then placed safely and correctly onto ships and then moved to different locations. This method is viable for long distance journeys and has a reputation for being the cheapest form of transportation if there is a vast volume of goods been shipped. Rivers, lakes and oceans are used in this transportation. This system is logical for UPS to use as they have a wide customer base and the volume of goods to be transported is there. The only disadvantage of shipping is it is not adequate for fast movement of goods, nonetheless the movement of goods by means of waterways and the sea has many advantages and shipping is a highly competitive service industry. From the UPS website the company shows their customers how they organise this complex system: We are the experts at managing complex transportation networks, dedicated fleets, and multi-modal shipments. We can deliver orders anywhere through our global network. Our freight container shipping services can bring those parts together to make managing your supply chain simpler. * FCL Container Shipping (Full Container Load) ââ¬â Our comprehensive NVOCC* services provide frequent departures at competitive rates for full container load (FCL) shipments from major ports around the world. * LCL Container Shipping (Less-Than-Container Load) ââ¬â When you donââ¬â¢t have enough cargo for a full container, we offer less-than-container load (LCL) service between major ports worldwide. ttp://www. ups. com/content/us/en/shipping/container-shipping. html As there are two options available to customers regarding shipping this means that UPS understand their customerââ¬â¢s needs and have adjusted to these needs by providing both options. Airplanes: The final and successful freight transportation option that UPS offers to their customers is Air transport. This is a good method to use if t ime is of the essence and this system can be used within or between countries, basically air transportation can happen anywhere throughout the world. Air transport is known for its speed for both the movement of people and goods, but with this speed comes high costs. UPS runs all their own aircraft to all major cities worldwide and this is constantly improving as their geographic locations are expanding as well as their customer base. Air transport is limited to what type of goods it can carry. Generally its purpose is for unpreserved goods that are urgent to their final destination, e. g. edicine, documents, flowers or food rather than high capacitated and dangerous goods. Conclusion After accomplishing the task of evaluating a unique area of SCM transport with an aspect of logistics transport included the author concluded that the company United Parcel Service (UPS) is amongst one of the worldââ¬â¢s largest and leading logistic operators. UPS is an admirable company which has excelled in over one hundred years of business and the author deems this company to glimmer in the future even more. As technology has evolved over the past, so has UPS as they constantly upgrade their services and work with their customers to meet their needs with the extensive assortment of services which they provide. In the report the author focused on some external features that influence the workings of UPS as a whole and the internal factors which shaped the companyââ¬â¢s reputation as been the leaders of the pack in the logistics world. UPS adds much value to both domestic usage and businesses surrounding us. They make things possible for us and overall have perfected the express transportation network. THE END! Word count= 3,438 How to cite Supply Chain Management Ups, Essay examples Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-53399137315485677712019-12-06T22:33:00.001-08:002019-12-06T22:33:03.881-08:00Ayala Corporation Essay Example For Students Ayala Corporation Essay Case Analysis guidelines for Ayala Corp. Ayala Corporation is a holding company for the diversified interests of the Ayala Group. It was founded during Spanish colonial rule and is the oldest and largest conglomerate operating in the Philippines. The company has a portfolio of diverse business interests including investments in retail, real estate, banking, telecommunications, electronics, information technology, water infrastructure and management and business process outsourcing. Swot analysis Strengths Weaknesses ? Ayala Corporation had evolved from a real estate company ? Since Ayala Corporation is widely diversified into what was now one of the largest, most respected, and business groups in South East Asia. It may not most widely diversified business groups in South East Asia. have the flexibility of some of its more focused ? The Ayalaââ¬â¢s groups of businesses accounted for almost a competitors. quarter of the market capitalization of the Philippine Stock ? Ayala Corporation does have a diversified Exchange. range of Businesses. However, the income of ? Ayala Corporation put into practice by diversifying and the business is still heavily dependent upon its restructuring the company using innovative financial share of the market. This may leave it strategies. vulnerable if for any reason its market share ? Ayala Corporation built a track record and a basis for trust in erodes. capital markets. It also gives the opportunity to access capital at some of the most difficult moments in the countryââ¬â¢s economic crisis and use it as a competitive advantage. The Ayala Corporation owns a substantial amount of land in the rural-urban area of Manila. ? Ayala Corporation is a Philippine-based holding company of diversified business groups. ? The Company operates in segments, such as real estate and hotels; financial services and bancassurance (is the term used to describe the partnership or relationship between a bank and an insurance company)telecommunications, electronics, information technology and business proce ss outsourcing. Opportunities Threats ? Due to the fact that many of the skilled and semi-skilled ? Because of political instability and corruption, many Filipinos emigrated to other countries to work. Ayalaââ¬â¢s market skilled and semi-skilled Filipinos had emigrated to other began to hamper in which in need to cater to products and countries to work and send money back home. This services to the vast so-called ââ¬Å"sachet marketâ⬠. hampered the growth of the vibrant middle class that was the backbone of Ayalaââ¬â¢s market. ? Ayala Corporation continue in planning and developing residential and commercial real estate via a long list of ? The Philippine socio-economic environment raised operating subsidiaries, each of which targeted a particular additional constraints to the growth of Ayala segment of the real estate market. Corporation. This document is authorized for use only by Arvin Gray until October 30, 2010. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Prepared by Ricardo S. Biason, Institute of Management, University of the Philippines. List of objectives and strategies from the case ? Diversification is a form of corporate strategy for a company. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. Diversification can occur either at the business unit level or at the corporate level. At the business unit level, it is most likely to expand into a new segment of an industry which the business is already in. ? Market Capitalization Strategy -Currently, most investors use market capitalization rankings to define size, rather than sales and profit rankings. Application of management functions (planning, organizing, leadership and control) ? Planning Application of both the organizational process of Ayala Corporation is creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of Ayala Corporation. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. ? Organizing Ayala Corporation is a diversified business group in south East Asia. .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .postImageUrl , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:hover , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:visited , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:active { border:0!important; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:active , .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986 .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03b6a08b87bb5bb230a437fe24217986:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multicultural Education in America EssayBut even it has different business ventures the corporation is well organized in different business unit and specialization. Leadership As to leadership, Ayala Corporation pioneered forward. Preserving assets sounds fine in theory. Given the fact that happened to economies around the world, it sounds like a sound strategy. But it thwarts the spirit of taking risk, and that is an issue that any family business will have to face. Control Ayala Corporation has the process of regulating diversified business ventures and organizational activities so that actual performance conforms o expected organizational standards and goals. ? ? Manage ment and business lessons from the case. ? ? ? Diversifying on different business ventures. Passion for the enterprise is the formula for growth. Blood relations (family members) running the enterprise is not a guarantee for growth. At best, itââ¬â¢s coincidental, not essential. This document is authorized for use only by Arvin Gray until October 30, 2010. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Prepared by Ricardo S. Biason, Institute of Management, University of the Philippines. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-6415444751803501852019-11-29T10:35:00.001-08:002019-11-29T10:35:02.882-08:00George W. Bush - State of the Union Address 2005 free essay sampleXhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-65479621388469647392019-11-25T15:31:00.001-08:002019-11-25T15:31:03.159-08:00How to Become a Speech Language PathologistHow to Become a Speech Language Pathologist Speech-language pathologists, also known as speech therapists, play a huge part in diagnosing, treating, and managing communication disorders (which include recovery from strokes, brain injuries, hearing loss, developmental disabilities, and autism). The speech-language pathologist career at a glance:The Day-to-DaySpeech-language pathologists can be found in a variety of medical and educational settings: hospitals, elementary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, health clinics, and private practice offices. They typically work a 9-to-5-type schedule in an office, seeing patients on an appointment basis. Speech-language may specialize in treating communication disorders in particular age groups, from children (including autism spectrum communication issues and developmental delays) to adults (including stroke recovery and degenerative diseases like Parkinsonââ¬â¢s). This position also often includes research and study of speech disorders and treatment in addition to wo rking directly with patients.The RequirementsSpeech-language pathologists typically have a masterââ¬â¢s degree in the field, plus licensing and clinical training. Licensing requirements vary by state, so be sure to check on your own stateââ¬â¢s regulations for speech therapists.The SkillsSpeech-language pathologists require a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Healthcare management and administrationHuman communication processesProblem solvingCurrent medical technology and methodsPatient care and communicationHuman behavioral patternsThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary of speech-language pathologists is $71,550.The OutlookThis area is a fast-growing area of Allied Health, with the BLS predicting robust 21% growth.Interested?à Apply Here Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-33264164445198511572019-11-21T22:55:00.001-08:002019-11-21T22:55:02.969-08:00The Impact of September 11 Attacks on the US Foreign Policy Research PaperThe Impact of September 11 Attacks on the US Foreign Policy - Research Paper Example This paper is basically an effort to describe the very important political event of September 11 attacks in relation to the influence it exerted on Americaââ¬â¢s foreign policy and international relations. The paper also discusses myriad ways by which US had to transform its international relations and alter foreign policy decisions according to the theories of international politics. On the morning of September 11, four commercial US airlines were hijacked by some 19 hijackers who were believed to be associated with Al-Qaeda and two of those hijacked jets were intentionally flown into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center. The third plane got crashed into the ground due to the angry passengersââ¬â¢ involvement and the last plane was deliberately flown into the important building of Pentagon. As a result, thousands of people died and many got badly injured for life. Most of the people who died from the attacks happened to be innocent civilians and a minority belo nged to the military forces who ran to the attacked places to save the public. The impact zones where planes hit the North and South Towers made it virtually impossible for anyone above and below the impact zones to make an escape from the buildings, rather many hundreds of people got trapped in the poisonous fumes and dust and died of smoke inhalations after remaining entrapped for terribly long hours. However, the South Tower got attacked after the North Tower which is why significantly lesser casualties were reported in this tower as the military officials started evacuating the building immediately after the first tower got struck. US also changed economically a lot as the destruction of the towers cast serious and irreparable damage to the economy of the busy area of lower Manhattan as a result of which seriously bad and devastating influence was exerted in the global markets and ultimately it all culminated in global economic recession. US economic recession was also fomented to a large extent by the practice of investing many billions of dollars in the wars against Afghanistan and Iraq under Bush administration. Prior to attacks, the approach taken by Washington concerning the rest of the world was relatively unfocused and it became definitely very much focused after attacks. America really had no significant thoughts nor any decisions were made about other countries as the Cold War has already ended a decade earlier and also victory was bagged by US in the Cold War as the enemy in the form of Soviet Union got defeated which had earlier on managed to give a focus to Washingtonââ¬â¢s approach to the world. Post 9/11, this focus again shifted but this time the influence produced happened to be long-term and much more demanding, tiring, and exhausting for both US government and public than ever before. US took these attacks made on September 11 as a threat to not only US law, order and peace but a serious menace to global law and order which is why the important officials sat together and with agreement launched a very extensive War on Terror by first invading Afghanistan and later Iraq to combat against the Taliban belonging to Al-Qaeda and defeat them. Most of the Taliban resided in Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-57256189102659038462019-11-20T18:04:00.001-08:002019-11-20T18:04:03.513-08:00Work shop activity .Words and Words formation EssayWork shop activity .Words and Words formation - Essay Example For instance, some students find it tricky to retrieve single words especially nouns, adjectives, calendar dates, verbs and general numbers. For this reason, it is very difficult for them to respond comfortably to questions that require them to use facts in arguing their points out (Finch, 2000). This does not mean they lack information about the question but instead are not good at clearly distinguishing characters, places, numbers and other facts. In some cases commonly referred to as discourse retrieval contexts, students find it difficult to take part actively in discussions, which relate to some events or some experiences in life (Finegan et al, 1992). A lexeme is a language unit, which bears lexical meaning in that in whichever form they appear, they bear a common meaning. Lexeme derive its origin from language morphology because a lexeme word or phrase helps people understand a concept which links to that word even though they write and express it differently. Since a lexeme reduces a word, it makes it easy for people who have difficulties in word definition to get a basic meaning of such words. For instance, a word like water in simple terms is a noun. The same word can be a verb to mean the act of giving water to something for example plants. It makes it easy for a student to remember words and quickly fix them in their right context (Yule, 2010). Lexeme makes it easy for learners to understand and compare words. For instance, medical processing uses a series of scientific terms. Unless students are good at such terms, they cannot understand the medical products. The use of lexeme acts as a bridging factor since it reduces the differences of language representation (Schendi, 2003). Similarities that stem from perception have a hug role in learning especially during the early stages of language development in children because it enables them in grouping objects to a particular category thus supporting them in identifying the name Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-10487057112634924582019-11-18T18:27:00.001-08:002019-11-18T18:27:04.457-08:00Cochlear Implants and the Culture of Deafness EssayCochlear Implants and the Culture of Deafness - Essay Example This paper will examine whether the introduction of the neonatal hearing screening program has changed how the deaf community thinks about cochlear implants and further highlights the role the deaf community and cochlear implants advocates. A social model of deafness is part of disability that is linked to arising from the disabled people themselves, friends, family members, associated political and social networks. One aspect that discourages the understanding of an impaired condition by the promoter of cochlear implants is lack of impression. The Deaf Community insists that arguments concerning the deaf be made from the perspective of the deaf party and not his parents or the society. There are individuals in the society who do not understand the use of cochlear implants on the hearing impaired. In this case, they tend to assume the use without exactly knowing what they are meant for. Such insinuations obvious in the society neglect the deaf personââ¬â¢s opinion. While the techn ology may be useful in trying to boost a personââ¬â¢s self-esteem it is only convenient as aiding device and not as a curative one. Childrenââ¬â¢s deafness persists on a bionic ear, while their hearing is still impaired. This defeats the relevance of the hearing aid. To assert further on needlessness of the bionic ear, cochlear implants cannot aid in improving a personââ¬â¢s cognitive or their language skills. Users of cochlear implants will, therefore, be still dependent on other persons who do not have hearing impairment issues in their day to day lives. The deaf persons will require translation and adaptive learning process in order to fit in the social structure of the hearing population. Deaf persons and other individuals with hearing ââ¬Ëproblemsââ¬â¢ go-ahead to form their own structures of social interaction that enhances their own method of communication. Such groups may include those of persons with cochlear implants. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-51209943871840936122019-11-16T06:59:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:59:05.678-08:00Risk-based Access Control Model for the Internet of ThingsRisk-based Access Control Model for the Internet of Things Developing an adaptive Risk-based access control model for the Internet of Things Hany F. Atlam a, c Gary B. Wills a, Robert J. Walters a, Joshua Daniel c a Electronic and Computer Science Dept., University of Southampton, UK b Security Futures Practice, BT Research Innovation, Ipswich, UK c Computer Science and Engineering Dept., Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a revolution in the number of connected devices. Cisco reported that there were 25 billion IoT devices in 2015 and modest estimation that this number will almost double by 2020. Society has become dependent on these billions of devices, devices that are connected and communicating with each other all the time with information constantly share between users, services, and internet providers. The emergent IoT devices as a technology are creating a huge security rift between users and usability, sacrificing usability for security created a number of major issues. First, IoT devices are classified under Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) that blows any organization security boundary and make them a target for espionage or tracking. Second, the size of the data generated from IoT makes big data problems pale in comparison not to mention IoT devices need a real-time response. Third, is incorporating secure access and control for IoT devices ranging from edge nodes devices to application level (business intelligence reporting tools) is a challenge because it has to account for several hardware and application levels. Establishing a secure access control model between different IoT devices and services is a major milestone for the IoT. This is important because data leakage and unauthorized access to data have a high impact on our IoT devices. However, traditional access control mode ls with the static and rigid infrastructure cannot provide the required security for the IoT infrastructure. Therefore, this paper proposes a risk-based access control model for IoT technology that takes into account real-time data information request for IoT devices and gives dynamic feedback. The proposed model uses IoT environment features to estimate the security risk associated with each access request using user context, resource sensitivity, action severity and risk history as inputs for security risk estimation algorithm that is responsible for access decision. Then the proposed model uses smart contracts to provide adaptive features in which the user behavior is monitored to detect any abnormal actions from authorized users. Keywords Security, Internet of Things, Risk, access control, Adaptive, Context. The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing in different ways. The adoption rate of the IoT is at least five times faster than the adoption of electricity and telephony [1]. Moreover, it is becoming the backbone of the future of the Internet that encompasses various applications and devices. The IoT devices are interconnected using different communication technologies such as wireless, wired and mobile networks [2]. The concept of the IoT was first mentioned by Kevin Ashton in 1999 [3]. He has said, The Internet of Things has the potential to change the world, just as the Internet did. Maybe even more so. Later, the IoT was formally presented by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2005 [4]. The ITU defines the IoT as: a global infrastructure for the Information Society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies[5]. The IoT faces many challenges that stand as a barrier to the successful implementation of IoT applications. The security is considered the most difficult challenge that needs to be addressed. This challenge is more complicated due to the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the IoT system [6], [7]. Authentication and access control models are the essential elements to address the security issue in the IoT. They can prevent unauthorized users from gaining access to system resources, prevent authorized users from accessing resources in an unauthorized manner and allow authorized users to access resources in an authorized manner [8], [9]. The main purpose of the access control is to reject unauthorized users and limit operations of authorized users using a certain device. In addition, it tries to prevent the activity that could cause a security breach [7]. A powerful access control model should satisfy security requirements of confidentiality, integrity, and availability [10]. Traditional access control approaches are static in nature as they depend on predefined policies that always give the same outcome regardless of the situation. They are context insensitive. Furthermore, they require a rigid authentication infrastructure [11], [12]. So they cannot provide for distributed and dynamic environment as the IoT systems [13]. Dynamic access control approaches are more appropriate to the IoT. This is because they are characterized by using not only the policies but also environment features that are estimated in real-time to determine access decisions. The dynamic features can include trust, risk, context, history and op erational need [14], [15]. This paper presents an adaptive risk-based access control model for the IoT. This model can dynamically estimate the security risk associated with each access request to make the access decision. It uses real-time user context attributes, resource sensitivity, action severity and risk history as inputs to estimate the security risk value of each access request. In addition, the user behavior is monitored to detect any abnormal misuse. This paper will start by discussing concepts of access control in the IoT in section II; Section III presents access control challenges in the IoT; Section IV introduces different access control models; Section V discusses the concept of risk-based access control model; Section VI presents the proposed model; Section VII illustrates the process flow of the proposed model; Section VIII presents the related works, and Section IX is the conclusion The IoT devices send and receive a variety of information about owners behavior. Therefore, it is important to protect not only the communication process between IoT devices but also authentication and access control of IoT devices [16]. The access control process works with many layers of the IoT reference model that is shown in figure 1. The control process flows from top to down. Therefore, the access control works with different data whether at storage, at motion, or at IoT device itself. Therefore, the access control is a big issue in the IoT that need addressing. Fig. 1. The IoT reference model [16] The main function of access control is to grant access rights only to authorized users. Also, it prevents authorized users from accessing system resources in an unauthorized manner [7]. A powerful access control model should fulfill security demands of confidentiality, integrity, and availability [10]. In the IoT, the access control is required to ensure that only authorized users can update device software, access sensor data or command the actuators to perform an operation [17]. There are three ways to implement access control in the IoT systems; centralized, centralized and contextual, and distributed [18]. In the centralized approach, the access control logic is implemented at a central entity. This entity could be a server with direct communication to IoT devices that it manages or another entity in a different location. Therefore, IoT devices send their data to the central entity that is responsible for making access control decisions [18]. In the centralized and contextual approach, IoT devices are not completely passive entities; this is because they participate in the access control decisions. The access control logic is implemented at a central entity as in centralized approach, but the contextual features from IoT devices are sent to the central entity. These features are used to make access decisions [18]. In the distributed approach, all the access control logic is embedded into IoT devices. These devices are being provided with necessary resources to process and send information to other services and devices. Therefore, IoT devices have to have the ability to perform the authorization process without the need for a central entity [18]. Due to the distributed and dynamic nature of the IoT, there are many challenges that should be addressed when implementing an access control model. These requirements include; Interoperability with multiple users: Access control policies should be designed to support multiple organizations. For instance, each organization creates its own policies and respect other collaborating organizations policies [24]. Dynamic interaction: Access control policies should be predictable and specified in a dynamic and continuous way by considering context changing during the access control process [25]. Context awareness: The context is considered one of the core features since it enables intelligent interactions between users and IoT devices. Using the context will make access decisions dynamically determined based on surrounding environment features [17]. Usability: The access control model should be easily administrated, expressed and modified. It also should provide suitable easy to use interfaces for both consumers and devices needs [26]. Limited resources: The resources associated with IoT devices such as energy, memory, and processing power are limited due to devices lightweight. Therefore, the access control model designed for the loT should support efficient solutions [17]. Scalability: The IoT connects billions of devices. The access control model should be extensible in size, structure, and number of devices [17]. Delegation of authority: In many IoT scenarios, there are many devices that are operating on behalf of a user and other scenarios where a device may operate on a third partys behalf for a specific period of time. The access control model should implement delegation of authority to provide more usability and flexibility to the IoT system [24]. Auditability: Any and every access control needs to be auditable. Hence, collection and storage of evidence necessary for context awareness. This becomes a challenge when utilizing a distributed approach [17]. To ensure confidentiality and integrity of system resources, the access control is used to guarantee that only authorized users granted the appropriate access permissions. There are several access control models which can be divided into two classes; traditional and dynamic access control models [19]. Traditional access control approaches are based on policies that are static and rigid in nature. These policies are predefined and always give the same outcome regardless of the situation. Therefore, this static approach fails to adapt to varied and changing conditions during making access decisions [20]. There are three main traditional access control models; Discretionary Access Control (DAC), Mandatory Access Control (MAC) and Role-based Access Control (RBAC). DAC model was designed for multi-user databases and systems with a few previously known users. All the system resources are under full control from the user. DAC grants access depending on the user identity and authorization, which is defined for open policies. The owner of the resource can grant the access to any user [19]. While MAC model is concerned with confidentiality and integrity of information, so it mainly used in military and government applications. In MAC, the security policy is controlled by a security policy administrator and the user does not have the capability to override it [19]. RBAC model is consists of three elements: users (subjects requesting access), roles (collection of permission) and operations (actions on target resource). Access permissions are related to roles and the appropriate role is granted to the user. A single user can be associated with one or more roles, and a single role can include one or more user. RBAC provides a classification of users bas ed on their roles [21]. Dynamic access control models are characterized by using not only the access policies but also dynamic contextual features which are estimated in real-time at the time of the request [22]. These real-time features can include trust, risk, context, history and operational need [23], [14]. In this paper, we propose a risk-based access control model that uses the security risk as the main criterion for making the access permissions. The risk can be defined as the possibility of loss or injury. Generally, the risk is about some event that may occur in the future and cause losses. One such risk is the leakage of sensitive information by users. The access control is one of the approaches used to mitigate against the security risk [27]. Risk-based access control model permits or denies access requests dynamically based on the estimated risk of each access request [20]. This model performs a risk analysis on each user access request to make the access decision [7]. Mathematically, the most common formula to represent the risk in quantitative terms is: (1) Where likelihood represents the probability of an incident to happen while impact represents the estimation of the value of the damage regarding that incident [20]. Quantified risk-based access control models are divided into two types: non-adaptive and adaptive. The fundamental distinction between adaptive and non-adaptive approaches is that the adaptive model requires a system monitoring process and the risk estimation module adaptively adjusts user permissions based on the users activities during access sessions. While non-adaptive approach only calculates the risk during each session creation and does not have run-time monitoring and abnormality detection capability [11]. Dynamic access control approaches use real-time environment features to make the access decision. One of these features is the security risk associated with the access request, which will be used in our proposed model to make the access decision. The proposed model is shown in figure 2. The proposed model has four inputs: user/agent context, resource sensitivity, action severity and risk history. These inputs/risk factors are used to estimate the security risk value associated with each access request. The final risk value is then compared with risk policies to make the access decision. To make the model adaptive, the user behavior is monitored to detect any abnormal actions from authorized users. This model can provide an appropriate security level while ensuring flexibility and scalability to the IoT system. Fig. 2. The proposed adaptive risk-based access control model As shown in figure 2, the user/agent context represents the environmental features that are embedded with the user/agent at the time of making the access request. These contexts are used to determine the security risk value associated with the user requesting the access to the system. Location and time are the most common user contexts [28]. Resource sensitivity represents how valuable the resource/data is to the owner or to the service provider. Data is assigned a level of sensitivity based on who should have access to it and how much damage would be done if it were disclosed. A risk metric is assigned to each resource in the IoT system depending on how valuable the resource data is to the owner. For instance, the higher the data sensitivity, the higher the risk metric associated with the resource. Action severity represents the consequences of a certain action on a particular resource in terms of security requirements of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Different opera tions have different impacts and so have different risk values. For instance, the risk of a view operation is lower than the risk of a delete operation. The user risk history is used to estimate the risk value of each access request. This is because the risk history reflects previous users behavior patterns. Moreover, it is used to identify good and bad authorized users and predict the user future behavior. Risk estimation module is responsible for taking the input features to quantify the risk value that is associated with the access request. The ultimate goal is to develop an efficient risk estimation process. The access decision determines whether access is granted or denied according to the risk policies. Risk policies or access control policies are mainly used by the risk estimation module to make the access decisions. These policies are created by the resource owner to identify terms and conditions of granting or denying the access. The overall risk value is examined with the risk policies to determine the access decision. The proposed model is trying to improve the flexibility of access control by monitoring the user behavior during the access session. In current access control models, if the decision is to grant access to the user, then there is no way to prevent any abnormal and unusual data access from the authorized user. So a monitoring module is needed to adaptively adjust the risk value based on the user behavior during the access session. Applying smart contracts to accomplish this process is a big challenge especially it will be the first time to use the smart contracts in this context. Smart contracts are treated as a software code that runs on a blockchain [29]. It can force a functional implementation of particular demands and can confirm that certain conditions or terms were met or not [30]. Hence, the monitored user behavior information will be compared with the smart contract to ensure that the user acts according to the terms of the smart contract so as to prevent any potential securit y breach during the access sessions. The process flow of the proposed model is shown in figure 3. The flow starts when the access control manager receives an access request from a user. After that, the access control manager asks for the system contexts (user/agent, resource, and action) of the requested user in addition to the user risk history. The risk estimation module uses these contexts with the risk history to estimate the overall access risk value related to the requested user, then the estimated risk value is compared with risk policies to determine the access decision. At this point, we have two decisions: a) If the access is granted, then the monitoring module will track the user behavior. The smart contract will use the monitored data to determine if the user follows the contract terms or not. If yes, then it will keep monitoring the user behavior, while if not, then it will return to the risk estimation module to reduce user permissions or terminate the access session to stop any security breach. b) If the access is denied, then the system asks the user to provide additional proof of identification so as not to block an authorized user and reduce the false-positive rate. If the user provides the required identification, then the access is granted and the flow continues as in the first decision, while if not, the system denies the access. Fig. 3. The process flow of the adaptive risk-based access control model This section provides a brief summary of the models that are related to the proposed model. A number of studies have been conducted the security risk for dynamic access control models. The JASON report [31] proposed three main elements for a risk-based access control model: estimating the risk value associated with each access request, identifying acceptance levels of risk in a certain domain, and controlling information sharing based on the estimated risk and access control policies. Risk Adaptable Access Control (RAdAC) model has been proposed by McGraw [32]. It is based on estimating the security risk and operational needs to grant or deny the access. This model estimates the risk associated with each access request then compares it with the access control policy. After that, the system verifies the operational needs; if the associated operational needs and the policy are met then access is granted. However, the author did not provide details about how to quantitatively estimate risk and operational needs. Also, Kandala et al. [33] have provided an approach that identifies different risk components of the RAdAC model using attribute-based access control approach. A dynamic and flexible risk-based access control model has been proposed by Diep et al. [12]. This model uses the risk assessment to estimate the risk value depending on outcomes of actions in term of availability, confidentiality, and integrity. However, this model did not provide a standard about how to evaluate the risk value for each state of the environment and for each outcome of action, did not use user context, and lacked risk adaptive features. A framework proposed by Khambhammettu et al. [34] that based on estimating object sensitivity, subject trustworthiness, and the difference between object sensitivity and subject trustworthiness using a risk assessment. However, the model did not provide how to estimate the risk value for each situation of the environment. Besides, the model requires a system administrator to give a reasonable value for each input feature in the early state of the risk assessment process and lacked risk adaptive features. A fuzzy Multi-Level Security (MLS) access control model has been proposed to manage risk information flows based on estimating its operational needs, risk possibility and environment features [20]. It estimates the risk based on the difference between subject security level and object security level. Similarly, Ni, Bertino, Lobo [35] have proposed a risk-based access control model that based on fuzzy inferences. It showed that fuzzy inference is a good approach for estimating access security risks. However, both models ignored the past behavior of users in the risk estimation process, lacked risk adaptive features and time overhead of fuzzy inference system is high. A fuzzy-based risk access control model has been proposed by J. Li, Bai, Zaman [27] to estimate the risk of healthcare information access. A risk metric is associated with data sensitivity, action severity, and risk history as a fuzzy value to determine the appropriate control of healthcare information access in a cloud computing. However, this model did not provide how to quantitatively estimate the risk. Also, no clear risk boundaries are defined and lacked risk adaptive features. A dynamic risk-based decision method has been proposed by Shaikh et al. [14]. This method is based on using the past behavior to identify good and bad authorized users. It depends on granting reward and penalty points to users after the completion of transactions. However, the past user behavior (reward/penalty) values are not enough to decide the access decision. Besides, no risk prediction technique is used and lacked risk adaptive features. A risk analysis approach has been proposed by Rajbhandari Snekkenes [36] to provide access decisions dynamically. This approach is based on preferences or values of benefit which subjects can provide rather than subjective probability using the game theory. A simple privacy scenario between a user and an online bookstore is introduced to provide an initial perception of the concept. However, using only benefits of the subject to determine the access decision is not enough to develop a flexible and scalable access control model. Also, it lacked risk adaptive features. A task-based access control model has been proposed by Sharma et al. [37] to estimate the risk value using functions that based on the action a user wants to perform. The risk value is computed in terms of different actions and corresponding outcomes. The outcomes and the risk probability are determined along with the level of data sensitivity. The previous users behavior patterns are then used to estimate the overall risk value. The estimated risk value is compared with the risk threshold to determine the access decision. However, it lacked risk adaptive features. A contextual risk-based access control model has been proposed by Lee et al. [13]. The model gathers all useful information from the environment and evaluates them from the security perspective. Risk assessment with multifactor evaluation process (MFEP) technique is applied to estimate the associated risk value. The risk value is based on outcomes of actions in term of availability, confidentiality, and integrity. This model is evaluated to manage the access control in a hospital. However, this model ignored the past user behavior and risk adaptive features as well. A risk-based access control model has been proposed by Dos Santos et al. [7]. This model employed the notion of quantifying risk metrics and aggregating them. It is based on the idea of risk policies, which allow service providers and resource owners to define their own metrics, allowing greater flexibility to the access control system. However, this model requires a system administrator to ensure the minimum security is achieved. Table 1 provides a summary of the related risk-based access control models. It contains the risk estimation technique used to estimate the risk value in each model, risk factors used to estimate the risk value and the limitations of each model regarding our proposed model. In summary, one can say that the problem of the access control, especially in the IoT, needs more investigation. Current access control models concentrate only on providing access decisions without providing any way to prevent any abnormal and unusual data access from authorized users, whereas our approach is based on providing the access decision and monitoring the user behavior to detect any abnormal actions. The novelty of our approach is based on providing the adaptive features and requesting user context attributes to the risk-based access control in the IoT system. To the best of my knowledge, using smart contracts to monitor the user access behavior will be the first try. Table 1. Some of the risk-based access control models Previous work Risk Estimation method Risk factors Limitations [20] Fuzzy MLS Model Difference between subject security level and object security level The user past behavior has not been used to detect user future behavior and lacked adaptive features. [27] Fuzzy Model Data sensitivity, action severity, and user risk history No clear risk boundaries are defined and lacked adaptive features. [35] Fuzzy Inference Object security level and subject security level Time overhead of fuzzy inference is high and lacked adaptive features. [34] Risk Assessment Object sensitivity, subject trust and difference between them User risk history has not been used and lacked adaptive features. [14] Risk Assessment History of reward and penalty points Limited risk factors, no risk prediction technique is used and lacked adaptive features. [36] Game Theory Access benefits of the subject Limited risk factors and lacked adaptive features. [37] Mathematics Functions Data Sensitivity, action severity, and risk history No risk prediction technique has not been used, lacked adaptive features and user context. [13] Risk Assessment Outcomes of actions Limited risk factors, lacked adaptive features and user context. [12] Risk Assessment Outcomes of actions Limited risk factors, no risk prediction technique has been used, lacked adaptive features and user context. [7] Mathematics Functions Risk policies Limited risk factors and lacked adaptive features. The IoT has become a widely examined subject that takes the attention of many researchers, specialists, and experts. Due to the dynamic nature of the IoT, traditional access control approaches cannot provide required security levels as they are based on a static and complex authentication infrastructure. Therefore, the scope of this paper is to develop a dynamic and adaptive risk-based access control model for the IoT. This model can adapt to IoT changing conditions. The proposed model can be realized by estimating the security risk using IoT real-time features at the time of the access request to make the access decision. The model uses user context, resource sensitivity, action severity and risk history as inputs to estimate the overall risk value associated with each access request. The model provides adaptive features to monitor user behavior and prevents any misuses from authorized users using smart contracts. The above work is still in the first stage. In future work, choosing the most appropriate risk estimation technique for a specific IoT context is our highest priority to proceed to implement the model as well as creating different IoT access control case studies with data to evaluate the model. Acknowledgment We acknowledge Egyptian cultural affairs and mission sector and Menoufia University for their scholarship to Hany Atlam that allows the research to be undertaken. References [1]S. Li, L. Da Xu, and S. Zhao, The internet of things: a survey, Inf. Syst. Front., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 243-259, 2015. [2]M. Elkhodr, S. Shahrestani, and H. Cheung, The Internet of Things: Vision challenges, IEEE 2013 Tencon Spring, TENCONSpring 2013 Conf. Proc., pp. 218-222, 2013. [3]K. Ashton, That Internet of Things Thing, RFID J., p. 4986, 2 Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5441500985955370563.post-21645022358115629432019-11-13T19:29:00.001-08:002019-11-13T19:29:02.463-08:00Ogden Nash: An Amazing Poet Essay -- essays research papers à à à à à Ogden Nash was a poet that used nonsensical and humorous verse to draw people into reading his poems. Then, he would slip in insightful poems that speak a lot about life. His light verse even earned him a place on a postage stamp. His poems contain uneven lines that all rhyme, and he even made up spellings to words to achieve the best effect. à à à à à Frederick Ogden Nash was born August 19, 1902, in New York. His family thought that education was very important, and this was the basis for his love of languages and writing. At the age of seven, he got an eye infection, so he had to stay in a darkened room for almost a year. During this time, his mother schooled him, and this helped him develop his incredible memory. By the tender age of 10, he was already writing the humorous poetry that he became famous for. à à à à à He went to Harvard briefly, but his family didnââ¬â¢t have much money, so he had to quit and get a job. His first job was as a high school teacher, then as a bond salesman, then as an advertising copy-writer, then as an editor, and finally as a writer for the ââ¬Å"New Yorker.â⬠He published many of his poems in books, but he also made sure to do lecturing, even though he hated it. The lecturing ensured that he would make enough money to support his family. He died May 19, 1971, in Baltimore, Maryland. His tombstone says that he was a master of light verse. Archibald MacLeish contests that, saying that his poetry is so much more than that. Sure, some of his poems are lig... Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00924401448458204644noreply@blogger.com0